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MBC > CH 11 CARDIO TERMS > Flashcards

CH 11 CARDIO TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

angio

A

vessel (artery/vein/space)

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2
Q

aorto

A

aorta

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3
Q

artero, arterio

A

artery

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4
Q

athero

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

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5
Q

athere

A

greek for porridge, hence athero (porridge is thick)

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6
Q

atrio

A

atrium, upper heart chamber

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7
Q

brachio

A

arm

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8
Q

cardio

A

heart

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9
Q

arthro

A

joint

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10
Q

cholesterolo

A

cholesterol (lipid substance)

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11
Q

corono

A

heart

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12
Q

cyano

A

blue

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13
Q

myxo

A

mucus

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14
Q

oxo

A

oxygen

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15
Q

pericardio

A

paricardium

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16
Q

phlebo

A

vein

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17
Q

rrythmo

A

hearth rhythm

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18
Q

sphygmo

A

pulse

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19
Q

stetho

A

chest

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20
Q

thrombo

A

clot

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21
Q

valvulo, valvo

A

valve

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22
Q

vaso

A

vessel

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23
Q

vasculo

A

vessel

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24
Q

veno, veni

A

vein

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25
Q

ventriculo

A

ventricle, lower heart chamber

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26
Q

septum

A

walls that separate

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27
Q

diastole

A

heart relax

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28
Q

systole

A

heart contract

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29
Q

aneurismo/aneurism

A

widened blood vessel

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30
Q

angio

A

blood vessel

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31
Q

aorto

A

aorta, largest artery

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32
Q

axillo

A

armpit

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33
Q

brachio

A

arm

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34
Q

ischo

A

to hold back or stop

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35
Q

myo

A

muscle

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36
Q

myxo

A

mucus

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37
Q

pulmono

A

lung

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38
Q

constriction

A

narrowing

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39
Q

dilation

A

widening

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40
Q

emia

A

blood condition

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41
Q

graphy

A

to record

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42
Q

lysis

A

break down

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43
Q

meter

A

measure

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44
Q

oma

A

mass/tumor/fluid collection

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45
Q

osis

A

abnormal condition

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46
Q

stenosis

A

tightening/stricture

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47
Q

tomy

A

process of cutting

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48
Q

brady

A

slow

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49
Q

de-

A

lack of/ down/ less of/ removal

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50
Q

endo

A

within

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51
Q

inter-

A

between

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52
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

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53
Q

tetra

A

four

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54
Q

tachy

A

fast

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55
Q

anastomoien

A

greek - to provide a mouth

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56
Q

acute coronary syndromes

A

ACSs- unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries

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57
Q

angina (pectoris)

A

chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia. stable angina occurs predictably with exertion; unstable angina is chest pain that occurs more often and with less exertion

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58
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor

A

antihypertensive drug that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, causing blood vessels to dilate. it prevents heart attacks, CHF, stroke and death

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59
Q

auscultation

A

listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope

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60
Q

beta blocker

A

drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias. it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) at receptor sites on cells, slowing the heartbeat and reducing the workload on the heart

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61
Q

biventricular pacemaker

A

device enabling ventricles to beat together in synchrony so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

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62
Q

bruit

A

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ

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63
Q

calcium channel blocker

A

drug used to treat angina and hypertension. it dilates blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels

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64
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to cardiac death

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65
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

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66
Q

claudication

A

pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest

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67
Q

digoxin

A

drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat

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68
Q

embolus pl/ emboli

A

clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

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69
Q

infarction

A

area of dead tissue

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70
Q

nitrates

A

drugs used in treatment of angina. they dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

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71
Q

nitroglycerin

A

nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina

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72
Q

occlusion

A

closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

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73
Q

palpitations

A

uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)

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74
Q

patent

A

open

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75
Q

premature ventricular contractions

A

PVCs

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76
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart; suggestive of pericarditis

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77
Q

petechiae

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages

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78
Q

statins

A

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the blood stream

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79
Q

thrill

A

vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow (such as a blocked artery)

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80
Q

vegetations

A

clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

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81
Q

BNP test

A

measurement of BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) in blood. elevated with patients with heart failure. secreted when the heart becomes overloaded and acts as a diuretic to help heart function return to normal. can also test for NT-proBNT - NT stands for non terminal

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82
Q

cardiac biomarkers

A

chemicals measured in blood as evidence of a heart attack. damaged heart muscles release it into the bloodstream. substances are: troponin-I (cTnI) and troponin-T (cTnT). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biomarker of inflammation and is a risk for stroke, heart attack and heart disease.

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83
Q

lipid tests (lipid profile)

A

measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a blood sample. high levels are correlated with athersclerosis. saturated fats (animal fats) increase cholesterol in the blood, whereas polyunsaturated fats (vegetable oil) decrease blood cholesterol.

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84
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

high cholesterol- managed with proper diet, low fat, statics, niacin, and exercise

85
Q

lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

lipoproteins (combination of fat and protein) are physically separated and measured in a blood sample. LDL (low density lipoprotein) and HDL (high density lipoprotein)

86
Q

angiography

A

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

87
Q

arteriography

A

xray imaging of arteries after injecting contrast via catheter into the aorta or an artery

88
Q

CTA

A

computer tomography angiography- three-dimensional xray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography (64-slice CT scanner)- hundreds of images of heart per second form a 3 dimensional image - less invasive and excellent to diagnose coronary artery disease

89
Q

digital subtraction angiography

A

DSA- video equipment and computer produce x-ray images of blood vessels- after an initial image, physicians take a second image with contrast and compare, subtracting the digital data from the first image

90
Q

electron beam computed tomography

A

EBCT or EBT- electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD. a coronary artery calcium score is derived to indicate future risk of heart attack and stroke

91
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels. examiner can hear various alterations in blood flow caused by vessel obstruction.

92
Q

duplex ultrasound

A

combines doppler and conventional ultrasound to allow physicians to image the structure of blood vessels and measure the speed of blood flow. carotid artery occlusion, aneurysms, varicose veins and other vessel disorders are diagnosed this way.

93
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography- echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

94
Q

transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

A

transducer placed in the esophagus provides ultrasound and doppler information- detects cardiac masses, prosthetic valve function, aneurysms, and pericardial fluid

95
Q

positron emission tomography scan

A

PET scan- images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose- can detect CAD, myocardial function, ischemic heart disease and cardiomyopathy

96
Q

technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan

A

injected intravenously and taken up in cardiac tissue, where it is detected by scanning- can assess damaged heart tissue and also used in an exercise tolerance test (ETT-MIBI). sestamibi is a radioactive tracer used to define areas of poor blood flow in the heart muscle

97
Q

thallium 201 scan

A

concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle- these studies show the viability of the heart muscle. infarcted or scarred myocardium show up as cold spots.

98
Q

cardiac MRI

A

images of the heart are produced using radiowave energy in a magnetic field- images in multiple planes- not for people with a pacemaker-

99
Q

magnetic resonance angiography

A

MRA- a type of mri that gives highly detailed images of blood vessels. physicians use MRA to view arteries and blockage inside arteries. gadolinium is the most common contrast agent used for MRI procedures.

100
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery. detects pressures and patterns of blood flow in the heart. cardiologist may also perform intravascular ultrasound IVUS and FFR fractional flow reserve to determine impact of the coronary artery blockage on blood flow

101
Q

electrocardiography

A

ECG- recording of electricity flowing through the heart - performed via telemetry (electronic transmission of data) telo means distant- measures sinus rhythms with PQRST

102
Q

Holter monitoring

A

an ECG device is worn during prolonged period to detect cardiac arrhythmias- rhythm changes are correlated with symptoms recorded in a diary

103
Q

stress test / exercise tolerance test

A

ETT- determines the heart’s response to physical exertion (stress).

104
Q

catheter ablation

A

brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to ablate (remove) areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias- catheter guided through a vein in the leg to the vena cava and into the heart, the abnormal electrical pathway is ablated (destroyed) using energy emitted from the catheter

105
Q

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

CABG- arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

106
Q

defibrillation

A

brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)

107
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

108
Q

AICD

A

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

109
Q

cardioversion

A

another technique using lower energy to treat atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and supraventricular tachycardia

110
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery. fatty deposits (artheromas) and thromboses are removed to open clogged arteries. carotid endartectomy is to remove build up in the carotid artery to reduce risk of stroke.

111
Q

extracorporeal circulation

A

heart-lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

112
Q

ECMO

A

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation- the machine for extracorporeal circulation where blood is re-oxygenated and pumped back into the body

113
Q

heart transplantation

A

DONOR HEART IS TRANSFERRED TO A RECIPIENT. while waiting, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) which is a booster pump implanted into the chest or abdomen with cannulae from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta

114
Q

percutaneous coronary intervention

A

PCI- balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place

115
Q

stent

A

expandable slotted metal tubes that serve as permanent scaffolding devices to make restenosis unlikely

116
Q

DESs

A

drug-eluting stents that release anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative drugs to prevent scar tissue

117
Q

BVSs

A

bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds that dissolve

118
Q

DCBs

A

drug coated balloons heart stent type

119
Q

PCI techniques

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), stent placement, laser angioplasty (small laser on tip of catheter), atherectomy

120
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

drugs to dissolve clots are injected into the bloodstream of patients with coronary thrombosis. tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and streptokinase restore blood flow to the heart and limit damage

121
Q

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

A

TAVR- placement of a balloon-expandable aortic heart valve into the body via a catheter, used to treat aortic stenosis

122
Q

AAA

A

abdominal aortic aneuysm

123
Q

ACE

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

124
Q

ACLS

A

advanced cardiac life support; CPR plus drugs and defibrillation

125
Q

ACS

A

acute soronary syndrome

126
Q

ACSs

A

acute coronary syndromes

127
Q

ADP

A

adenosine diphosphate; ADP blockers are used to prevent cardiovascular-related death, heart attack, and strokes after all stent procedures

128
Q

AED

A

automatic external defibrillator

129
Q

AF

A

atrial fibrillation

130
Q

a-fib

A

atrial fibrillation

131
Q

AICD

A

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

132
Q

AMI

A

acute myocardial infarction

133
Q

ARB

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker

134
Q

ARVD

A

arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia

135
Q

AS

A

aortic stenosis

136
Q

ASD

A

atrial septal defect

137
Q

AV, A-V

A

atrioventricular

138
Q

AVR

A

aortic valve replacement

139
Q

BBB

A

bundle branch block

140
Q

BNP

A

brain natriuretic peptide; elevated in congestive heart failure

141
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

142
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

143
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

144
Q

CCTA

A

coronary computed tomography angiography

145
Q

CCU

A

coronary care unit

146
Q

Cath

A

catheterization

147
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

148
Q

CK

A

creatine kinase; enzyme released after injury to heart muscles

149
Q

CoA

A

coarctation of the aorta (congenital narrowing of the aorta often found in kids)

150
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary rescuscitation

151
Q

CRT

A

cardiac resynchronization therapy; biventricular pacing and defibrillation devices

152
Q

CTNI / cTnI / CTNT / cTnT

A

cardiac troponin-I and cardiac troponin-T; troponin is a protein released into the bloodstream after myocardial injury

153
Q

DES

A

drug-eluting stent

154
Q

DOAC

A

direct oral anticoagulent

155
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography

156
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

157
Q

ECG or EKG

A

electrocardiography

158
Q

ECHO

A

echocardiography

159
Q

ECMO

A

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

160
Q

EF

A

ejection fraction; measure of the amount of blood that pumps out of the heart with each beat

161
Q

EPS

A

electrophysiology study; electrode catheters inserted into veins and threaded into the heart to measure electrical conduction (tachycardias are provoked and analyzed)

162
Q

ETT

A

exercise tolerance test

163
Q

ETT-MIBI

A

exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer sestamibi scan

164
Q

EVAR

A

endovascular aneurysm repair

165
Q

FFR

A

fractional flow reserve

166
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein; high blood levels mean lower incidence of coronary artery disease

167
Q

hsCRP

A

high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; biomarker for inflammation in prediction of heart attack risk

168
Q

HTN

A

hypertension; high blood pressure

169
Q

IABP

A

intra-aortic balloon pump; used to support patients in cardiogenic shock

170
Q

ICA

A

invasive coronary angiography

171
Q

ICD

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

172
Q

IVUS

A

intravascular ultrasound

173
Q

LAD

A

left anterior descending (coronary artery)

174
Q

LBBB

A

left bundle branch block

175
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein; high blood levels lead to cholesterol buildup in arteries

176
Q

LMWH

A

low molecular weight heparin

177
Q

LV

A

left ventricle

178
Q

LVAD

A

left ventricular assist device

179
Q

LVEF

A

left ventricle ejection fraction

180
Q

LVH

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

181
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

182
Q

MUGA

A

multiple-gated acquisition scan; a radioactive test of heart function

183
Q

MVP

A

mitral valve prolapse

184
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

185
Q

NT-proBNP

A

N-terminal pro-peptide of BNP

186
Q

NSTEMI

A

non-ST elevation MI

187
Q

PAC

A

premature atrial contraction

188
Q

PAD

A

peripheral arterial disease

189
Q

PCI

A

percutaneous coronary intervention

190
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

191
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolus

192
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

193
Q

RBBB

A

right bundle branch block

194
Q

SA, S-A node

A

sinoatrial node

195
Q

SCD

A

sudden cardiac death

196
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

197
Q

SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography; used for myocardial imaging with sestamibi scans

198
Q

STEMI

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction

199
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia; rapid heartbeats arising from the atria and causing palpitations, SOB and dizziness

200
Q

TAVR

A

transcatheter aortic valve replacement

201
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography

202
Q

TEVAR

A

thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair

203
Q

TGA

A

transposition of the great arteries

204
Q

tPA

A

tissue-type plasminogen activator; a drug used to prevent thrombosis

205
Q

UA

A

unstable angina; chest pain at rest or of increasing frequency

206
Q

VF

A

ventricular fibrillation

207
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

208
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

209
Q

WPW

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome; abnormal ECG pattern associated with paroxysmal tachycardia

MBC (38 decks)

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