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MBC > CH 13 BLOOD SYSTEM DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 13 BLOOD SYSTEM DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

basophil, granulocytes

A

responds to allergens; releases histamine and heparin

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2
Q

eosinophil, granulocyte

A

responds to parasitic infections and is a phagocyte in allergic reactions

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3
Q

neutrophil, granulocyte

A

major role in fighting bacterial infection; phagocyte

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4
Q

lymphocyte, mononuclear

A

controls the immune response; makes antibodies to antigens

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5
Q

monocyte, mononuclear

A

phagocytic cell that becomes a macrophage and digests bacteria and tissue debris

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6
Q

albumin

A

major protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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7
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria viruses and other antigens. an antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

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8
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

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9
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue with basic dye, associated with release of histamine and heparin

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10
Q

bilirubin

A

orange yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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11
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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12
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

(CSF) protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells. examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin

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13
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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14
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

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15
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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16
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

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17
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell. there are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood

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18
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

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19
Q

fibrin spiderwebs

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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20
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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21
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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22
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

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23
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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24
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron’ carries oxygen in red blood cells

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25
heparin
anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells
26
immune reaction
response of the immune system to foreign invasion
27
immunoglobin
protein (a globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. immun/o means protection
28
leukocyte
white blood cell
29
lymphocyte
mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease
30
macrophage
monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria and other harmful organisms
31
megakaryocyte
large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow
32
monocyte
leukocyte with one large nucleus. it is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues.
33
mononuclear
pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus'; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes
34
myeloblast
immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes
35
neutrophil
granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow; it is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell; also called polymorphonuclear leukocyte
36
plasma
liquid portion of blood, contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins
37
plasmapherisis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood, collected cells are re-transfused back into the donor. fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
38
platelet
small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process
39
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil
40
prothrombin
plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process
41
reticulocyte
immature erythrocyte; a network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes
42
Rh factor
antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals. the factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey
43
serum
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. it is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors
44
stem cell
unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. a hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.
45
thrombin
enzyme that converts to fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation
46
thrombocyte
platelet
47
dyscrasia
any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
48
anisocytosis
cells are unequal in size
49
hypochromia
cells have reduced color / less hemoglobin
50
macrocytosis
cells are larger than normal
51
microcytosis
cells are smaller than normal
52
poikilocytosis
cells are irregularly shaped
53
sphereocytosis
cells are spherical (loss of normal concave shape)
54
basophil
release histamine and heparin and dye blue, a granulocyte
55
hypochromic
deficiency in color- hypochromic anemia is decreased concentration of hemoglobin
56
anticoagulent
prevents blood clotting
57
coagulopathy
disease of blood clotting
58
cytology
study of cells
59
eosinophil
white blood cell with granules that stain red, a granulocyte
60
erythroblast
immature red blood cell
61
granulocyte
white blood cells with granules that stain red 3 types: basil, eosino, nutro
62
hemolysis
destruction of red blood cells
63
hematocrit
gives the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
64
hemoglobinopathy
disease of hemoglobin production
65
anisocytosis
an abnormality of red blood cells in which they are of unequal size
66
megakaryocyte
large cell with big nucleus; in bone marrow
67
leukopenia
deficiency of white blood cells
68
monocyte
a single nucleus, phagocyte that eats foreign stuff and goes in and out of tissue
69
morphology
study of shapes of cells
70
myeloblast
immature bone marrow cell
71
myelodysplasia
abnormal bone marrow condition could be preleukemic
72
neutropenia
insufficient neutrophils
73
polymorphonuclear
multi-lobed nucelus cells
74
phagocyte
eats and destroys
75
poikilocytosis
irregularity of the shape of red blood cells. occurs in certain types of anemia.
76
sideropenia
deficiency of iron in the blood
77
spherocytosis
sphere-shaped red blood cells- red blood cells are fragile and easily destroyed due to the round cell shape
78
thrombocytopenia
deficiency in thrombocytes
79
thrombus
blood clot
80
embolus
travelling blood clot
81
plasmapherisis
removal of plasma from withdrawn blood. a centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from the other parts of blood.
82
leukapherisis
withdrawn and separated white blood cells
83
plateletpherisis
separation of platelets from the blood- platelets are removed and remaining blood is returned
84
monoblast
immature monocyte
85
apherisis
withdrawl and separation of blood elements
86
phoresis
renoval of, transmission of
87
electrophoresis
uses electricity to separate
88
macrocytosis
large red blood cells- larger than normal
89
microcytosis
smaller than normal red blood cells
90
leukemia
high number of malignant white blood cells
91
fibrinogen
plasma protein converted to fibrin
92
hemoglobin
blood protein that contains iron and carries oxygen
93
immunoglobin
globulin with antibody activity
94
thrombolytic therapy
breaking down clots with drugs
95
myeloid
related to bone marrow and cell growth
96
myeloid progenitor cells
give rise to developing erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes and monocytes
97
lymphoid
gives rise to lymphocytes or to tissue in which lymphocytes develop
98
lymphoid progenitor cells
in bone marrow, give rise to developing lymphocytes
99
thombosis
clot formation in blood cell
100
granulocytopenia
deficiency of granulocytes
101
pancytopenia
deficiency of many blood cell types
102
macrophage
enters and exits tissue to eat and destroy rbc's and foreign material
103
eosinophilia
too many of the blood
104
neutrophilia
too many
105
electrophoresis
technique used to separate with electricity
106
hematopoiesis
formation of blood cells in bone marrow
107
erythropoiesis
formation of red blood cells
108
erythropoietin
produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythrocyte production
109
myelopoeisis
formation of bone marrow
110
hemostasis
stoppage of the flow of blood

MBC (38 decks)

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