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MBC > CH 13 BLOOD SYSTEM DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 13 BLOOD SYSTEM DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

basophil, granulocytes

A

responds to allergens; releases histamine and heparin

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2
Q

eosinophil, granulocyte

A

responds to parasitic infections and is a phagocyte in allergic reactions

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3
Q

neutrophil, granulocyte

A

major role in fighting bacterial infection; phagocyte

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4
Q

lymphocyte, mononuclear

A

controls the immune response; makes antibodies to antigens

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5
Q

monocyte, mononuclear

A

phagocytic cell that becomes a macrophage and digests bacteria and tissue debris

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6
Q

albumin

A

major protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

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7
Q

antibody (Ab)

A

specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria viruses and other antigens. an antibody is specific to an antigen and inactivates it

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8
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance or toxin that stimulates the production of an antibody

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9
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue with basic dye, associated with release of histamine and heparin

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10
Q

bilirubin

A

orange yellow pigment in bile; formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed

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11
Q

coagulation

A

blood clotting

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12
Q

colony-stimulating factor

A

(CSF) protein factor that stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing blood cells. examples are granulocyte CSF, erythropoietin, and thrombopoietin

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13
Q

differentiation

A

change in structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

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14
Q

electrophoresis

A

method of separating serum proteins by electrical charge and size

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15
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions

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16
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

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17
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell. there are about 5 million per microliter or cubic millimeter of blood

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18
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation

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19
Q

fibrin spiderwebs

A

protein that forms the basis of a blood clot

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20
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

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21
Q

globulin

A

plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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22
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cell with cytoplasmic granules; eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil

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23
Q

hematopoietic stem cell

A

cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells

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24
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein containing iron’ carries oxygen in red blood cells

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25
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

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26
Q

immune reaction

A

response of the immune system to foreign invasion

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27
Q

immunoglobin

A

protein (a globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD. immun/o means protection

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28
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

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29
Q

lymphocyte

A

mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies to fight disease

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30
Q

macrophage

A

monocyte that migrates from the blood to tissue spaces. as a phagocyte, it engulfs foreign material and debris. in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn out red blood cells and also engulf bacteria and other harmful organisms

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31
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large platelet precursor cell found in the bone marrow

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32
Q

monocyte

A

leukocyte with one large nucleus. it is a cell that engulfs foreign material and debris. monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues.

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33
Q

mononuclear

A

pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus’; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes

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34
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow cell that gives rise to granulocytes

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35
Q

neutrophil

A

granulocytic leukocyte formed in the bone marrow; it is a phagocytic tissue-fighting cell; also called polymorphonuclear leukocyte

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36
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood, contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, wastes, lipids, hormones, and vitamins

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37
Q

plasmapherisis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood, collected cells are re-transfused back into the donor. fresh-frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.

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38
Q

platelet

A

small blood cell fragment that collects at sites of injury to begin the clotting process

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39
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

pertaining to a white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus; neutrophil

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40
Q

prothrombin

A

plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process

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41
Q

reticulocyte

A

immature erythrocyte; a network (reticulum) of strands is seen after staining the cell with special dyes

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42
Q

Rh factor

A

antigen on red blood cells of Rh-positive (Rh+) individuals. the factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey

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43
Q

serum

A

plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. it is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

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44
Q

stem cell

A

unspecialized cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. a hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.

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45
Q

thrombin

A

enzyme that converts to fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation

46
Q

thrombocyte

A

platelet

47
Q

dyscrasia

A

any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

48
Q

anisocytosis

A

cells are unequal in size

49
Q

hypochromia

A

cells have reduced color / less hemoglobin

50
Q

macrocytosis

A

cells are larger than normal

51
Q

microcytosis

A

cells are smaller than normal

52
Q

poikilocytosis

A

cells are irregularly shaped

53
Q

sphereocytosis

A

cells are spherical (loss of normal concave shape)

54
Q

basophil

A

release histamine and heparin and dye blue, a granulocyte

55
Q

hypochromic

A

deficiency in color- hypochromic anemia is decreased concentration of hemoglobin

56
Q

anticoagulent

A

prevents blood clotting

57
Q

coagulopathy

A

disease of blood clotting

58
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

59
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell with granules that stain red, a granulocyte

60
Q

erythroblast

A

immature red blood cell

61
Q

granulocyte

A

white blood cells with granules that stain red 3 types: basil, eosino, nutro

62
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

63
Q

hematocrit

A

gives the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood

64
Q

hemoglobinopathy

A

disease of hemoglobin production

65
Q

anisocytosis

A

an abnormality of red blood cells in which they are of unequal size

66
Q

megakaryocyte

A

large cell with big nucleus; in bone marrow

67
Q

leukopenia

A

deficiency of white blood cells

68
Q

monocyte

A

a single nucleus, phagocyte that eats foreign stuff and goes in and out of tissue

69
Q

morphology

A

study of shapes of cells

70
Q

myeloblast

A

immature bone marrow cell

71
Q

myelodysplasia

A

abnormal bone marrow condition could be preleukemic

72
Q

neutropenia

A

insufficient neutrophils

73
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

multi-lobed nucelus cells

74
Q

phagocyte

A

eats and destroys

75
Q

poikilocytosis

A

irregularity of the shape of red blood cells. occurs in certain types of anemia.

76
Q

sideropenia

A

deficiency of iron in the blood

77
Q

spherocytosis

A

sphere-shaped red blood cells- red blood cells are fragile and easily destroyed due to the round cell shape

78
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency in thrombocytes

79
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot

80
Q

embolus

A

travelling blood clot

81
Q

plasmapherisis

A

removal of plasma from withdrawn blood. a centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from the other parts of blood.

82
Q

leukapherisis

A

withdrawn and separated white blood cells

83
Q

plateletpherisis

A

separation of platelets from the blood- platelets are removed and remaining blood is returned

84
Q

monoblast

A

immature monocyte

85
Q

apherisis

A

withdrawl and separation of blood elements

86
Q

phoresis

A

renoval of, transmission of

87
Q

electrophoresis

A

uses electricity to separate

88
Q

macrocytosis

A

large red blood cells- larger than normal

89
Q

microcytosis

A

smaller than normal red blood cells

90
Q

leukemia

A

high number of malignant white blood cells

91
Q

fibrinogen

A

plasma protein converted to fibrin

92
Q

hemoglobin

A

blood protein that contains iron and carries oxygen

93
Q

immunoglobin

A

globulin with antibody activity

94
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

breaking down clots with drugs

95
Q

myeloid

A

related to bone marrow and cell growth

96
Q

myeloid progenitor cells

A

give rise to developing erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes and monocytes

97
Q

lymphoid

A

gives rise to lymphocytes or to tissue in which lymphocytes develop

98
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells

A

in bone marrow, give rise to developing lymphocytes

99
Q

thombosis

A

clot formation in blood cell

100
Q

granulocytopenia

A

deficiency of granulocytes

101
Q

pancytopenia

A

deficiency of many blood cell types

102
Q

macrophage

A

enters and exits tissue to eat and destroy rbc’s and foreign material

103
Q

eosinophilia

A

too many of the blood

104
Q

neutrophilia

A

too many

105
Q

electrophoresis

A

technique used to separate with electricity

106
Q

hematopoiesis

A

formation of blood cells in bone marrow

107
Q

erythropoiesis

A

formation of red blood cells

108
Q

erythropoietin

A

produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythrocyte production

109
Q

myelopoeisis

A

formation of bone marrow

110
Q

hemostasis

A

stoppage of the flow of blood

MBC (38 decks)

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