CH 17 EYE EAR PATHO Flashcards by Lainey ZeE

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

astigmatism

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farsightedness

hyperopia

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farisghtedness

hypermetropia

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nearsightedness

myopia

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impairment of vision as a result of old age

presbyopia

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clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

cataract

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small, hard, cystic mass (glanuloma) on the eyelid

chalazion

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disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus

diabetic retinopathy

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fluid leaks from blood vessels into the retina and vision is blurred

macular edema

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fluid leaking from the blood appear in the retina as yellow/white spots

exudates

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increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

glaucoma

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laser therapy for chronic, open-angle glaucoma which causes scarring in the drainage angle, improving aqueous humor outflow to reduce intraocular pressure

trabeculoplasty

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two types of lasers for trabeculoplasty

ALT and SLT (ARGON/SELECTIVE LASER TREATMENT)

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inflammation of the eyelid causing redness crusting and swelling along the lid margins

blepharitis

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granuloma formed around an inflamed sebaceous gland

chalazion

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blockage, inflammation and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid

dacrocystitis

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outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

ectropion

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small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland

hordeolum/stye

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dropping of the upper lid margin from neuromuscular problems or trauma

ptosis

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raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

xanthelasma

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localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eryelid

hordoleum/stye or sty

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progressive damage to the macula of the retina

macular degeneration

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repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

nystagmus

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two layers of the retina separate from each other

retinal detachment

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bright flashes of light

photopsia

black spots or filmy shapes

floaters

abnormal deviation of the eye

strabismus

eye turns inward

esotropia cross eyed

eye turns outward

exotropia

eye turns downward

hypotropia

eye turns upward

hypertropia

making pinpoint burns to form scar tissue and seal holes

photocoagulation

freezer burn that forms a scar and knits a tear together for small retinal tears

cryotherapy

for larger retinal detachments, a buckle made of silicone is sutured to the sclera directly over the detached portion of the retina to push the two retinal layers together

sclera buckle

partial loss of vision from lazy eye

amblyopia

develops when a strabismus develops in an adult

diplopia/double vision

vitreous gel shrinks and pulls on its attachment to the retina

macular hole

surgery to remove a portion of vitreous and replace it with a bubble containing gas and air to hold the macular hole in place as it heals

vitrectomy

intravenous injection of flourescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

flourescein angiography

visual examination of the interior of the eye

opthalmoscopy

non-invasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina

optical coherence tomography OCT

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic maginification

slit lamp microscopy

intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma

tonometry

clarity of vision is assessed

visual acuity test

distance vision chart

snellen chart

measurement of the entire scope of vision, peripheral and central

visual field test

direct opthalmoscopy

also gives sight of the fundus

removal of the entire eyeball

enucleation

surgical repair of the cornea

keratoplasty

intense, precisely focused light beam creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

laser photocoagulation

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)

LASIK laser in situ keratomileusis

cataract removal surgery in which ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe

phacoemulsification

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

scleral buckle

an outpatient surgical alternative for selected retinal detachment and scleral buckle. a gas bubble is injected into the middle of the eye, and the tear is sealed with a freezing probe or laser beam

pneumatic retinopexy

removal of the vitreous humor

vitrectomy

benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain

acoustic neuroma

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

cholesteotoma

loss of ability to hear

deafness

sensorineural hearing loss results from impairment of the cochlea or auditory nerve

nerve deafness

results from the impairment of sound wave transmission from the external ear to the cochlea

conductive deafness

disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea and semicircular canals (cochlear hydrops and vestibular hydrops)

Meniere disease

inflammation of the middle ear

otitis media

inflammation of the middle ear with pus

suppurative otitis media

noninfectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serous fluid

serous otitis media

hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

otosclerosis

stiffening of the stapes bone

ankylosis

(opened) using a laser

fenestrated

sensation of noises in the ears without an external source

tinnitus

sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

vertigo

sudden onset with a short duration

paroxysmal

calcium crystals moving around loose in the vestibule of the inner ear

otoconia

BPPV

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

testing the sense of hearing

audiometry

an electrical device that delivers acoustic stimuli of specific frequencies and decibels to determine a patients hearing level for each frequency

audiometer

result of an audiometry test with an audiometer

audiogram

surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing impaired persons to understand speech

cochlear implant procedure

measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

ear thermometry

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

otoscopy

test of ear conduction using a vibration source such as a tuning fork

tuning fork test

vibrating fork against the patient's mastoid bone and in front of the auditory meatus to assess bone cunduction and air conduction

Rinne test

the tuning fork is placed on the center of the forehead

Weber test