CH 11 CARDIO REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A
tricuspid valve
2
Q
smallest blood vessel
A
capillary
3
Q
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
A
pulmonary vein
4
Q
largest artery in the body
A
aorta
5
Q
brings oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart
A
pulmonary artery
6
Q
upper chamber of the heart
A
atrium- two
7
Q
carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart
A
pulmonary artery
8
Q
small artery
A
aerteriole
9
Q
valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle
A
mitral valve
10
Q
brings blood from the lower half of the body to the heart
A
inferior vena cava
11
Q
small vein
A
venule
12
Q
lower chamber of the heart
A
ventricle- two
13
Q
the pacemaker of the heart
A
sinoatrial node
14
Q
the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart
A
pericardium
15
Q
the wall of the heart between the right and left atria
A
septum
16
Q
the relaxation phase of the heartbeat
A
diastole
17
Q
specialized conductive tissue in the wall between the ventricles
A
atrioventrivular bundle
18
Q
inner lining of the heart
A
endocardium
19
Q
the contractive phase of the heartbeat
A
systole
20
Q
a gas released as a metabolic product of catabolism
A
co2 carbon dioxide
21
Q
specialized conductive tissue at the base of the wall between two upper heart chambers
A
atrioventrivular node
22
Q
the inner lining of the pericardium, closely enveloping the heart
A
visceral pericardium
23
Q
an abnormal heart sound due to improper closure of the heart valves
A
murmur
24
Q
the beat of the heart as felt through the walls of arteries is called
A
pulse
25
hardening of arteries
arteriosclerosis
26
disease condition of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
27
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
28
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
29
condition of rapid heartbeat
tachycardia
30
condition of slow heartbeat
bradycardia
31
high levels of cholesterol in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
32
surgical repair of a valve
valvuloplasty
33
condition of deficient oxygen
hypoxia
34
pertaining to an upper heart chamber
atrial
35
narrowing of the mitral valve
mitral stenosis
36
breakdown of a clot
thrombolysis
37
bluish skin indicating lack of oxygen in blood
cyanosis
38
incision of a vein for removal of blood
phlebotomy
39
new surgical connection between two arteries
arterial anastomosis
40
circulatory failure due to poor heart health
cardiogenic shock
41
mass of fatty plaque in artery
atheroma
42
irregular heartbeat rhythm
arrhythmia
43
instrument to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
44
instrument for listening to sounds in the chest
stethescope
45
inflammation of the mitral valve
mitral valvulitis
46
build up of fat and plaque in the hardened veins
atherosclerosis
47
narrowing of a blood vessel
vasoconstriction
48
widening of a blood vessel
vasodilation
49
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
50
rapid but regular atrial or ventricular contractions
flutter
51
small hole between the upper heart chambers; congenital anomaly
atrial septum defect
52
improper closure of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle during systole
mitral valve prolapse
53
blockage of arteries surrounding the heart leading to ischemia
coronary artery disease
54
high blood pressure affecting the heart
hypertensive heart disease
55
rapid, random ineffectual and irregular contractions of the heart
fibrillation
56
inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
pericarditis
57
inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
congestive heart failure
58
congenital malformation involving four separate heart defects
tetralogy of fallot
59
congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart
coarctation of the aorta
60
a duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open
patent ductus arteriosus
61
failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
heart block
62
sudden unexpected stoppage of heart action
cardiac arrest
63
uncomfortable sensations in the chest associated with arrhythmias
palpitations (palpation is to examine by touch/feel)
64
battery operated device placed in the chest and wired to send electricity to the heart to establish stable sinus rhythms
artificial cardiac pacemaker
65
blockage of a vessel by a clot
thrombotic occlusion
66
chest pain resulting from insufficient oxygen being supplied to the heart muscle- ischemia
angina
67
area of necrosis/tissue death in heart muscle (heart attack)
myocardial infarction
68
abnormal condition of death (dead tissue)
necrosis
69
damage or death of tissue due to deprivation of oxygen
infarction
70
blood is held back/stopped from an area of the body
ischemia
71
nitrate drug used in treatment of angina
nitroglycerine
72
drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
digoxin
73
abnormal sound heard on auscultation- a murmur
bruit
74
vibration felt on palpation of the chest
thrill
75
consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries (causes myocardial infarction and unstable angina)
acute coronary syndromes ACSs
76
scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation indicating pericarditis
pericardial friction rub
77
clot formation in a large vein, usually lower limb
deep vein thrombosis
78
device enabling ventricles to beat in synchrony / cardiac resynchronization therapy
biventricular pacemaker
79
lesions that form on heart valves after damage by infection
vegetations
80
clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel
emboli
81
small, pinpoint hemorrhages
petechia
82
an extra heart sound, heard between normal beats caused by a valvular defect or condition that disrupts the smooth flow of blood through the heart
murmur
83
listening with a stethoscope
auscultation
84
heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
85
high blood pressure in arteries when the etiology is idiopathic
essential hypertension
86
high blood pressure related to kidney disease
secondary hypertension
87
episodes of pallor, numbness, and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by a temporary constriction of the arterioles
reynaud disease
88
local widening of an artery
aneurysm
89
pain, tension and weakness in a limb after walking has begun
claudication
90
blockage of arteries in the lower extremities; etiology is athersclerosis
peripheral arterial disease
91
types of drugs used to treat acute coronary syndrome includes:
beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, aspirin, calcium channel blockers
92
when damaged valves in veins fail to prevent blackflow of blood, a condition of swollen, twisted veins is the result
varicose veins
93
swollen twisted veins in the rectal region
hemerrhoids
94
name the four defects in the tetralogy of fallot
1. pulmonary artery stenosis 2. ventricular septal defect 3. shift of the aorta to the right 4. hypertrophy of the right ventricle
95
surgical removal of plaque from the inner lining of an artery
endarterectomy
96
application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
defibrillation
97
measurement of levels of fatty substances in the bloodstream (triglycerides and cholesterol)
lipid tests
98
measurement of the heart's response to physical exertion ex. while jogging on a treadmill
stress test
99
measurement of troponin-I and troponin-T after myocardial infarction
cardiac biomarkers
100
injection of contrast into vessels and xray imaging
angiography/ateriography
101
recording of electricity in the heart
electrocardiogram
102
intravenous injection of a radioactive substance and measurement of its accumulation in heart muscle
thallium 201 scan
103
use of echoes from high frequency sound waves to produce images of the heart
echocardiography
104
separation of HDL and LDL from a blood sample
lipoprotein electrophoresis
105
anastomosis of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium
coronary artery bypass grafting CABG
106
beaming of magnetic waves at the heart to produce images of its structure
cardiac MRI
107
AF
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
108
VT
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
109
VF
VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION
110
PVC
PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
111
PAC
PREMATURE ATRIAL CONTRACTION
112
CHF
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
113
VSD
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
114
MI
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
115
PDA
PATENT DUCTUS ATERIOSUS
116
MVP
MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE
117
AS
AORTIC STENOSIS
118
CAD
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
119
ASD
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
120
video equipment and computer produce xray pictures of blood vessels by taking two pictures with and without contrast and subtracting the first image without contrast from the second image
digital subtraction angiography
121
a donor heart is transferred to a recipient
heart transplantation
122
exercise tolerance test combined with radioactive tracer scan
ETT-MIBI
123
an instrument that focuses sound waves on a blood vessel to measure blood flow
Doppler ultrasound
124
a compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
holter monitoring
125
treatment with drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots after a heart attack
thrombolytic therapy
126
a heart-lung machine is used to divert blood from the heart and lungs during surgery. the machine oxygenates the blood and sends it back into the bloodstream
extracorporeal circulation
127
a catheter tube is inserted into an artery or vein and threaded into the heart chambers. contrast can be injected to take xray pictures, patterns of blood flow can be detected; and blood pressures can be measured
cardiac catheterization
128
a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place
percutaneous coronary intervention
129
stents are expandable slotted tubes that are placed in arteries during PCI. they release polymers that prevent plaque from reforming
drug-eluting stent
130
electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose CAD
electron beam computed tomography
131
xray images of the heart and coronary arteries obtained using CT technology
CT angiography
132
cardiac serum enzyme test for myocardial infarction
cardiac troponin i and troponin n
133
booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a cannula leading to the heart as a "bridge to transplant"
LVAD left ventricular assist device
134
ultrasound imaging of the heart using transducer within the esophagus
TEE trans esophageal exchocardiography
135
device implanted in the chest that senses and corrects arrhythmias by shocking the heart
ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator
136
catheter delivery of high frequency current to damage a small portion of the heart muscle and reverse an abnormal heart rhythm
RFA radiofrequency catheter ablation
137
procedure to determine the hearts response to physical exertion
ETT exercise tolerance test
138
cardiac imaging using high frequency sound waves pulsed through the chest wall and bounced off heart structures
ECHO echocardiography
139
radioactive test of heart function with stress test
ETT-MIBI with sestamibi scan
140
technique using heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is being repaired
ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
141
biventricular pacing to correct serious abnormal ventricular rhythm
CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy
142
lipoprotein sample is measured
LDL; low density lipoprotein- high levels indicate a high risk of CAD
143
brain chemical measured to identify patients at risk for complications after MI and with CHF
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
144
pertaining to the heart
coronary
145
not a normal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
146
abnormal condition of blueness
cyanosis
147
relaxation phase of the heartbeat
diastole
148
chest pain
angina pectoris
149
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
150
widening of a vessel
vasodilation
151
enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
152
hardening of the arteries with fatty plaque
atherosclerosis
153
swollen veins in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
154
incision of a heart valve
valvotomy
155
removal of a clot that has traveled into a blood vessel and suddenly caused occlusion
embolectomy
156
coronary artery bypass grafting (to relieve schemia)
CABG
157
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pericardial space
pericardiocentisis
158
insertion of a balloon-tipped catheter and stents into a coronary artery
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
159
removal of the inner lining of an artery to make it wider
endarterectomy
160
suture (repair) of a ballooned out portion of an artery
aneurysmorraphagy
161
removal of plaque from an artery
atherectomy
162
type of acute coronary syndrome
STEMI ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
163
use of streptokinase and tPA to dissolve clots
thrombolytic therapy
164
brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue for treating arrhythmias
catheter ablation
165
measures a peptide elevated in patients with heart failure
BNP test brain natriuretic peptide
