CH 13 BLOOD REVIEW Flashcards
mononuclear white blood cell formed in the lymph tissue; it is a phagocyte and the precursor of a macrophage
monocyte
thrombocyte or cell fragment that helps blood clot
platelet
cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to different types of blood cells
hematopoeitic stem cell
mononuclear leukocyte formed in lymph tissue; produces antobodies
lymphocyte
leukocyte with dense, reddish granules having an affinity for red acidic dye; associated with allergic reactions
eosinophil
red blood cell
erythrocyte
leukocyte (polymorphonuclear granulocyte) formed in the bone marrow; granules do not stain intensely and have a pale color
neutrophil
leukocyte (granulocyte) with dark staining blue granules; releases histamine and heparin
basophil
blood clotting
coagulation
white blood cell with numerous cytoplasmic granules- 3 types
granulocyte
pertaining to a leukocyte with a single nucleus
mononuclear
white blood cell with a multilobed nucleus
polymorphonuclear
plasma protein ex; alpha, beta, gamma
globulin
immature red blood cell
erythroblast
large platelet precursor found in bone marrow
megakaryocyte
monocyte that migrates from blood to tissue spaces, eats and destroys
macrophage
blood protein containing iron/carries oxygen in RBC
hemoglobin
liquid portion of blood
plasma
immature bone marrow cell that creates granulocytes
myeloblast
liquid portion of blood
plasma
orange yellow pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed
bilirubin
plasma protein converted to fibrin in clotting process
fibrinogen
proteins in plasma; separated into alpha, beta and gamma types
globulin
hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
erythropoietin
substance (usually foreign) that stimulates production of an antibody
antigen
protein in blood that maintains proper amount of water in blood
albumin
specific protein produced by lymphocytes in response to antigens in the blood
antibody
anticoagulent found in blood and tissue cells
heparin
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
serum
change in structure and function of a cell as it matures
differentiation
protein that stimulates growth of developing blood cells
colony stimulating factor
four types of plasma proteins
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin
an antigen normally found on red blood cells of Rh+ people
Rh factor
breakdown of red blood cells
hemolysis
method of separating serum proteins by electricity
electrophoresis
protein with antibody activity
immunoglobulin
change in structure and function as a cell matures, specialization
differentiation
removal by centrifuge of plasma from blood
plasmapherisis
why is type O blood a universal donor?
does not contain a or b antigens and will not create an immune response with antibodies of either blood type
anticoagulent substance found in liver cells, blood and tissue
heparin
protein thread that forms the basis of a blood clot
fibrin
plasma protein that is converted to thrombin in the clotting process
prothrombin
plasma minus clotting proteins and cells
serum
drug given to patients to prevent formation of clots
warfarin/coumadin
plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
fibrinogen
process of clotting
coagulation
enzyme that helps convert fibrinogen to fibrin
thrombin
a substance that prevents clotting
anticoagulent
disease of hemoglobin
hemoglobinopathy
study of cells
cytology
deficiency of white blood cells
leukopenia
study of shape or form of cells
morphology
cell with a large nucleus; platelet precursor
megakaryocyte
deficiency of iron
sideropenia
cell that eats or swallows other cells
phagocyte
myelopoiesis
formation of bone marrow
separation of platelets from the rest of the blood
plateletphersis
immature monocyte
monoblast
abnormal production of myeloid cells in bone marrow
myelodysplasia
controlling or stopping the flow of blood
hemostasis
treatment using drugs to destroy clots
thrombolytic therapy
formation of blood cells
hematopoiesis
derived in bone marrow
myeloid
deficiency of a type of white blood cell
neutropenia
percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
hematocrit
increase in a type of white blood cell seen in allergies
eosinophil
abnormal condition of clot formation
thrombosis
separation of white blood cells from a blood sample
leukapheresis
disease of clotting process
coagulopathy
deficiency of platelets
thrombocytopenia
any irregularity in the shape of red blood cells
poikilocytosis
oxygen containing protein in red blood cells
hemoglobin
formation of red blood cells
erythropoiesis
deficiency in numbers of red blood cells
anemia
destruction of red blood cells
hemolysis
pertaining to reduction of hemoglobin in red blood cells
hypochromic
variation in size of red blood cells
anisocytosis
abnormal numbers of round, rather than normally bioconcave shaped red blood cells
spherocytosis
increase in number of small red blood cells; erythremia
polycythemia vera
increase in numbers of small red blood cells
microcytosis
general increase of numbers of large red blood cells
macrocytosis
separation of blood so that the percentage of red blood cells in relation to the volume of a blood sample is measured
hematocrit
lack of iron leading to insufficient hemoglobin production
iron deficiency anemia
lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb b12
pernicious anemia
hereditary disease of abnormal abnormal hemoglobin- sickle shape and hemolysis
sickle cell anemia
failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
aplastic anemia
inherited disorder of abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia
thalassemia
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin, deficient platelets
purpura
abnormal increase of granulocytes in blood- eosino and baso
granulocytosis
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary factors due to abnormal clotting
hemophilia
excessive iron deposits throughout the body
hemochromatosis
malignant neoplasm of bone marrow
multiple myeloma
infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
mononucleosis
deficiency of all blood cells
pancytopenia
immunoglobulin fragment found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma
bence jones protein
increase in numbers of granulocytes; seen in allergic reactions
eosinophilia
large blue or purplish patches on skin- bruises
ecchymoses
symptoms of the disease return
relapse
tiny purple or flat red spots on skin occurring as a result of small hemorrhages
petechia
symptoms of disease disappear
remission
separation of blood into its parts
apheresis
preparation of erythrocytes separated from plasma
packed cells
relieving but not curing
palliative
microscopic examination of stained blood smear to determine the shape of individual red blood cells
red blood cell morphology
percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
hematocrit
determines the number of clotting cells per mm or uL of blood
platelet count
speed at which erythrocytes settle out of plasma
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
percentages of different types of leukocytes in the blood
wbc differential
test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes
coombs test
peripheral stem cells from a comptaible donor are infused into a recipient’s vein to repopulate the bone marrow
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle
bone marrow biopsy
number of erythrocytes per mm or uL of blood
red blood cell count
blood is collected from and later reinfused into the same patient
autologous transfusion
blood protein that transports oxygen to tissues
Hgb - hemoglobin
malignant condition of white blood cells; immature granulocytes (myeloblasts) predominant
AML - acute myeloid leukemia (myelocytic)
malignant condition of white blood cells; immature lymphocytes predominate
ALL - acute lymphoid leukemia
tests used to follow patients who are taking certain anticoagulents
PT - prothrombin time
percentage of red blood cells in blood volume
Hct - hematocrit
malignant condition of wbc’s in which both mature and immature granulocytes are present; a slowly progressive illness
CML - chronic myeloid leukemia
immune reaction of donor’s cells/tissue to recipient’s cells/tissue; a possible outcome of hematopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation
GVHD - graft versus host disease
proteins containing antibodies
IgA, IgE, IgD - immuniglobins
malignant condition of wbc’s in which relatively mature lymphocytes predominate in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow; usually seen in elderly patients
CLL - chronic lymphoid leukemia
hormone that stimulates the growth of red blood cells
EPO - erythropoietin
