CH 12 RESPIRATORY REVIEW Flashcards
outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs
parietal pleura
collection of lymph tissue in the nasipharynx
adenoids
windpipe
trachea
lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the voice box
epiglottis
branches of the windpipe that lead into the lungs
bronchi
region between the lungs in the chest cavity
mediastinum
air-containing cavities in the bones around the nose
paranasal sinuses
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract
cilia
inner fold of the pleura closer to lung tissue
visceral pleura
throat
pharynx
air sacs of the lung
alveoli
voice box
larynx
smallest branches of the bronchi
bronchioles
collections of lymph tissue in the oropharynx
palatine tonsils
midline region of the lungs where bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs
hilum
the apical part of the lung is the
apex / top / uppermost
the gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs is
oxygen
breathing in air is called
inhalation / inspiration
divisions of the lungs are known as
lobes
the gas produced by cells and exhaled through the lungs is called
carbon dioxide
the space between the visceral and parietal pleura is the
pleural cavity
breathing out air is called
expiration / exhalation
the term that describes the essential parts of the lung responsible for respiration is pulonary
parenchyma
the exchange of gases in the lung is
external respiration
the exchange of gases in the tissue cells is
internal respiration
chronic dilation of the bronchus
bronchiectasis
inflammation of the pleura
pleuritis
air in the chest /pleural cavity
pneumothorax
lack of sense of smell
anosmia
removal of the voice box
laryngectomy
inflammation of the nose and throat
nasopharyngitis
pertaining to the diaphragm
phrenic
pertaining to an air sac
alveolar
opening to the larynx
glottis
narrowing of the windpipe
tracheal stenosis
excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
hypercapnia
breathing is the easiest or possible only in an upright position
orthopnea
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
condition of blueness of the skin
cyanosis
spitting up blood
hemoptysis
deficiency of oxygen
hypoxia
condition of pus in the pleural cavity
pyothorax / empyma
hoarseness; voice impairment
dysphonia
blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
nosebleed
epistaxis
fire crackling sound heard during inhalation when there is fluid present in the alveoli
rales (crackles)
listening to sounds within the body
auscultation
material expelled from respiratory tract by deep coughing and spitting
sputum
tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure
percussion
loud rumbling sounds on auscultation of chest; indicates brochi obstructed by sputum
rhonchi
scratching sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
pleural rub
purulent
pus filled
sudden difficulty breathing at night
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
cleaning of the throat or lungs of sputum by coughing
expectoration
area of dead tissue in the lung
pulmonary infarction
stridor
strained, high pitch sound during inspiration
high pitched whistle produced during breathing
wheeze
acute infectious disease of the throat caused by corynebacterium
diptheria
acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants that is marked by obstruction of the larynx and stridor
croup
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
long-term inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes; cigarette smoking is a common cause
chronic bronchitis
inflammatory disorder of bronchi and bronchioles; allergy is a common cause
asthma
lung or portion of a lung is collapsed
atelectasis
malignant neoplasm originating in a lung or bronchus
lung cancer
whooping cough
pertussis
a collection of fluid or other material within the lung as seen on chest film, CT scan, or other radiological study
infiltrate
inherited disease of exocrine glands; mucous secretions lead to airway obstruction
cystic fibrosis
type of pneumoconiosis; dust particles are inhaled
absestosis
inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in the lungs and lymph nodes
sarcoidosis
FEV1
forced expiratory volume in 1 second
bronchial tubes obstructed with thick mucous secretions
rhonchi
this PFT assesses how well gases can diffuse across the alveolar membrane and the result of this test is
diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
a purulent ______ consists of white blood cells, microorganisms dead and alive and other debris
exudate
myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy are examples of neuromuscular conditions that produce
restrictive lung disease
chronic bronchitis and asthma are examples of
destructive lung disease
patients with a small pharyngeal airway that closes during sleep may experience
OSA- obstructive sleep apnea
with nasal CPAP, positive pressure opens the oropharynx and nasopharynx, preventing obstructive sleep apnea
continuous positive airway pressure
measures that relieve symptoms but do not cure
palliative
collection of pus in the lungs
pulmonary aabcess
swelling and fluid collection in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary edema
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in lungs
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli (filled with fluid and blood)
pulmonary embolism
floating clot or other material blocking the blood vessels of the lung
an infectious disease caused by rod-shaped bacilli and producing tubercules (nodes of infection)
tuberculosis
collection of fluid in th epleural cavity
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy
abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs, black lung disease
anthracosis
malignant tumor arising in the pleura comprised of mesothelium
mesothelioma
excessive growth of cells in the adenoids
adenoid hypertrophy
pain of the pleura- irritation of pleural surfaces leads to intercostal pain
pleurodynia
coughing up material from the chest
expectoration
rapid breathing ; hyperventilation
tachypnea
placement of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish an airway
endotracheal intubation
injection or inhalation of radioactive material and recording images of its distribution in the lungs
V/Q scan
tine and mantoux tests
tuberculin tests
puncture of the chest wall to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
thoracentisis
tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung
pulmonary function tests
creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck to establish an airway
tracheostomy
visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
injection of fluid into the larynx to view the voice box
laryngoscopy
combination of computer generated xray images and recording with contrast the blood flow in the lung
CT pulmonary angiography
visual examination of the area between the lungs
mediastinoscopy
continuous drainage of the pleural spaces from a chest tube placed through a small skin incision
tube thoracostomy
patients with congestive heart failure and pulmonary edema experience this symptom when they recline in bed
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea PND
chronic bronchitis and emphysema are examples
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary diease
substance used in the test for tuberculosis
PPD purified protein derivative
adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are types
non small cell lung cancer NSCLC
visual examination of the chest via endoscope and video monitor
video assisted thoracic surgery VATS
injection in an infant to provide immunity
DPT diptheria, pertussis and tetanus
a spirometer is used for these respiratory tests
PFTs pulmonary function tests
this symptom means that a patient has difficulty breathing and becomes short of breath when exercising
dyspnea on exertion DOE
three basic steps- open airway, mouth to mouth, external cardiac compression
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
a group of symptoms resulting in acute respiratory failure
ARDS acute adult respiratory distress syndrome
removal of lymph tissue in the oropharynx
tosillectomy
surgical puncture of the chest to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracentisis
surgical repair of the nose
rhinoplasty
incision of the chest
thoracotomy
removal of the voice box
laryngectomy
removal of a region of the lung
lobectomy
endoscopic examination of the chest
thorascopy
pulmonary resection
pneumonectomy
