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MBC > CH 17 DEFINITIONS EYE EAR > Flashcards

CH 17 DEFINITIONS EYE EAR Flashcards

1
Q

normal adjustmentof the eye to focus on objects from far to near. when this occurs, the ciliary body adjusts the lens, rounding it, and the pupil constricts. when the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body ff;attens the ;ens and thepupil dilates.

A

accomodation

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2
Q

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. it contains aqueous humor.

A

anterior chamber

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3
Q

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. a humor (latin humidus means moist) is any body fluid, including blood and lymph

A

aqueous humor

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4
Q

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. the lens of the eye is a biconvex body.

A

biconvex

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5
Q

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

A

choroid

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6
Q

structure surrounding the lens that connects the iris to the choriod. it contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor.

A

ciliary body

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7
Q

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. cones are responsible for color and central vision.

A

cone

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8
Q

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyball up to the cornea.

A

conjunctiva

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9
Q

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. derived from latin corneus, meaning horny, perhaps because as it protrudes outward, it was thought to resemble a horn

A

cornea

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10
Q

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

A

fovea centralis

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11
Q

posterior, inner part of the eye; visualized with an opthalmoscope

A

fundus of the eye

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12
Q

pigmented, colored layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eyes

A

iris

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13
Q

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye; it bends/refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

A

lens

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14
Q

small oval region on the retina near the optic disc, contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision

A

macula

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15
Q

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain- chiasma means crossing in latin

A

optic chiasm

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16
Q

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. it is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light

A

optic disc

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17
Q

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

A

optic nerve

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18
Q

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. it appears dark.

A

pupil

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19
Q

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. refract means to “break back”

A

refraction

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20
Q

light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photo receptor cells, rods and cones

A

retina

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21
Q

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision

A

rod

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22
Q

tough white outer coat of the eyeball

A

sclera

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23
Q

relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex.

A

thalamus

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24
Q

soft jelly like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball. often referred to as the vitreous.

A

vitreous humor

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25
Q

fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye

A

aqueous humor

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26
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelid

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27
Q

drooping eyelid- may be caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage

A

blepharoptosis

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28
Q

inflammation of the conjunctiva- commonly called pinkeye, occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen in allergic coonjunctivits, bacterial infection or viral infection

A

conjunctivitis

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29
Q

unequal pupil size- may be an indication of neurological injury or disease

A

anisocoria

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30
Q

scratch on cornea

A

corneal abrasion

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31
Q

paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye

A

cycloplegic

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32
Q

inflammation of the tear glands

A

dacryoadenitis

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33
Q

inflammation of the iris- charecterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation. a corticosteroid is prescribed to reduce inflammation.

A

iritis

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34
Q

pertaining to the iris

A

iridic

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35
Q

removal of the iris, partial or full- may be removed to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body

A

iridectomy

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36
Q

inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis

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37
Q

pertaining to tears

A

lacrimal

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38
Q

production of tears

A

lacrimation

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39
Q

pertaining to within the eye

A

intraocular

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40
Q

medical doctor who specializes in treating disoders of the eye

A

opthalmologist

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41
Q

pertaining to the eye

A

opthalmic

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42
Q

paralysis of the muscles that move the eye

A

opthalmoplegia

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43
Q

pertaining to eye/vision

A

optic

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44
Q

nonmedical professional who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry

A

optometrist

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45
Q

nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses

A

optician

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46
Q

pertaining to eyelid

A

palpebral

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47
Q

swelling of the optic disc. this condition is associated with intracranial pressure and hyperemia/increased blood flow in the region of the optic disc

A

papilledema

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48
Q

cataract removal surgery- technique of cataract extraction using ultrasonic vibrations to fragment/emulsify the lens and aspirate pieces from the eye

A

phacoemulsification

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49
Q

absence of eye lense- this condition may be congenital but most often is the result of a cataract without placement of an artificial lens

A

aphakia

50
Q

pertaining to the pupil of the eye

A

pupillary

51
Q

inflammation of the retina

A

retinitis

52
Q

genetic disorder in which pigmented scar forms on the retina and destroys retinal rods. decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occurs

A

retinitis pigmentosa

53
Q

PERTAINING to the pupil of the eye

A

pupillary

54
Q

inflammation of the retina

A

retinitis

55
Q

disease of retina due to high blood pressure- changes such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates (fluid leakage), are found on examination of the fundus

A

hypertensive retinopathy

56
Q

pertaining to both the cornea and the sclera

A

corneoscleral

57
Q

inflammation of the sclera

A

scleritis

58
Q

a hardening and thickening of the skin

A

scleroderma

59
Q

hardening of the arteries with collection of plaque

A

arteriosclerosis

60
Q

inflammation of the uvea

A

uveitis

61
Q

within the vitreous humor- these injections are a method of treatment for opthalmologic conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration

A

intravitreal

62
Q

decreased visual acuity often in a single eye and appearing in children. can occur from misalignment of the eye or with strabismus. known as “lazy eye”

A

amblyopia

63
Q

double vision

A

diplopia

64
Q

increased pressure that results in damage, the term comes from the dull gray/green color of the affected eye in advanced cases

A

glaucoma

65
Q

contraction of the pupil

A

miosis- a miotic drug is one that causes the pupil to contract

66
Q

widening of the eye pupil. enlargement of pupils.

A

mydriasis

67
Q

poor night vision- deficiency of vitamin a

A

nyctalopia

68
Q

light sensitivity

A

photophobia

69
Q

impairment of vision due to old age

A

presbyopia

70
Q

blind spot in the field of vision- indicates damage to the retina or the optic nerve

A

scotoma

71
Q

excessive dry eye

A

xeropthalmia

72
Q

farsightedness- vision condition in which distant objects are seen more clearly than objects that are near

A

hyperopia

73
Q

farightedness

A

hypermetropia

74
Q

absence of vision in half of the visual field. stroke victims frequently have damage to the brain on one side of the visual cortex and experience this, the visual loss is in the right or left vision field of both eyes

A

hemianopsia

75
Q

inward turning of the eye

A

esotropia

76
Q

outward turning of the eye

A

exotropia

77
Q

defect in eye muscles so that both eyes cannot be focused on the same point at the same time

A

strabismus

78
Q

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

A

auditory canal

79
Q

auditory canal

A

auditory meatus

80
Q

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex), these fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

A

auditory nerve fibers

81
Q

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube

A

auditory tube

82
Q

the protruding part of the external ear; pinna

A

auricle

83
Q

waxy substance secreted by the external ear; earwax

A

cerumen

84
Q

snail shell-shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear, contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

A

cochlea

85
Q

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

A

endolymph

86
Q

auditory tube

A

eustachian tube

87
Q

second ossicle of the middle ear, looks like an anvil

A

incus

88
Q

maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; this includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

A

labyrinth

89
Q

first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer

A

malleus

90
Q

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

A

organ of Corti

91
Q

small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes

A

ossicle

92
Q

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

A

oval window

93
Q

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

A

perilymph

94
Q

auricle; flap of the ear

A

pinna

95
Q

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

A

semicircular canals

96
Q

third ossicle of the middle ear. means stirrup

A

stapes

97
Q

membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

98
Q

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the two semicircular canals and the cochlea; contains two structures, the saccule and the utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium

A

vestibule

99
Q

pertaining to hearing

A

acoustic

100
Q

record of hearing using audiometer

A

audiogram

101
Q

a health care professional specializing in the evaluation and rehabilitation of people with hearing loss

A

audiologist

102
Q

pertaining to hearing

A

auditory

103
Q

pertaining to the ear

A

aural

104
Q

pertaining to behind the ear

A

postauricular

105
Q

pertaining to the cochlea

A

cochlear

106
Q

inflammation of the mastoid

A

mastoiditis

107
Q

the posterior portion of the temporal bone extending downward behind the external auditory meatus

A

mastoid process

108
Q

incision of the eardrum

A

myringotomy

109
Q

inflammation of the eardrum

A

myringitis

110
Q

surgical repair of the ossicle

A

ossiculoplasty

111
Q

pertaining to the ear

A

otic

112
Q

fungal infection of the ear

A

otomycosis

113
Q

ear discharge

A

otopyorrhea

114
Q

otolaryngologist

A

ENT a medical doctor specializing in the ear, nose and throat

115
Q

pertaining to the eustachian tube and threoat

A

salpingopharyngeal

116
Q

removal of middle ear bone

A

stapedectomy

117
Q

surgical repair of the eardrum

A

tympanoplasty

118
Q

pertaining to the inner ear

A

vestibulocochlear

119
Q

excessive sensitivity to sounds

A

hyperacusis

120
Q

progressive hearing loss, a type of nerve deafness that occurs with the process of aging

A

presbycusis

121
Q

instrument used to measure hearing

A

audiometer

122
Q

abnormally large ears; dumbo ears

A

macrotia

MBC (38 decks)

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