CH 17 DEFINITIONS EYE EAR

Question 1

normal adjustmentof the eye to focus on objects from far to near. when this occurs, the ciliary body adjusts the lens, rounding it, and the pupil constricts. when the eye focuses from near to far, the ciliary body ff;attens the ;ens and thepupil dilates.

Answer 1

accomodation

Question 2

area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris. it contains aqueous humor.

Answer 2

anterior chamber

Question 3

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber. a humor (latin humidus means moist) is any body fluid, including blood and lymph

Answer 3

aqueous humor

Question 4

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere. the lens of the eye is a biconvex body.

Answer 4

biconvex

Question 5

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

Answer 5

choroid

Question 6

structure surrounding the lens that connects the iris to the choriod. it contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens, and it secretes aqueous humor.

Answer 6

ciliary body

Question 7

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse. cones are responsible for color and central vision.

Answer 7

cone

Question 8

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyball up to the cornea.

Answer 8

conjunctiva

Question 9

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball. derived from latin corneus, meaning horny, perhaps because as it protrudes outward, it was thought to resemble a horn

Answer 9

cornea

Question 10

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

Answer 10

fovea centralis

Question 11

posterior, inner part of the eye; visualized with an opthalmoscope

Answer 11

fundus of the eye

Question 12

pigmented, colored layer that opens and closes to allow more or less light into the eyes

Answer 12

iris

Question 13

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye; it bends/refracts light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

Answer 13

lens

Question 14

small oval region on the retina near the optic disc, contains the fovea centralis, which is the area of clearest vision

Answer 14

macula

Question 15

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain- chiasma means crossing in latin

Answer 15

optic chiasm

Question 16

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina. it is the blind spot of the eye because it contains only nerve fibers, no rods or cones, and is thus insensitive to light

Answer 16

optic disc

Question 17

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

Answer 17

optic nerve

Question 18

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass. it appears dark.

Answer 18

pupil

Question 19

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina. refract means to “break back”

Answer 19

refraction

Question 20

light sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photo receptor cells, rods and cones

Answer 20

retina

Question 21

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision

Answer 21

rod

Question 22

tough white outer coat of the eyeball

Answer 22

sclera

Question 23

relay center of the brain. optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex.

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

soft jelly like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball. often referred to as the vitreous.

Answer 24

vitreous humor

Question 25

fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye

Answer 25

aqueous humor

Question 26

blepharitis

Answer 26

inflammation of the eyelid

Question 27

drooping eyelid- may be caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage

Answer 27

blepharoptosis

Question 28

inflammation of the conjunctiva- commonly called pinkeye, occurs when blood vessels dilate from allergens like pollen in allergic coonjunctivits, bacterial infection or viral infection

Answer 28

conjunctivitis

Question 29

unequal pupil size- may be an indication of neurological injury or disease

Answer 29

anisocoria

Question 30

scratch on cornea

Answer 30

corneal abrasion

Question 31

paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye

Answer 31

cycloplegic

Question 32

inflammation of the tear glands

Answer 32

dacryoadenitis

Question 33

inflammation of the iris- charecterized by pain, sensitivity to light, and lacrimation. a corticosteroid is prescribed to reduce inflammation.

Answer 33

iritis

Question 34

pertaining to the iris

Answer 34

iridic

Question 35

removal of the iris, partial or full- may be removed to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to extract a foreign body

Answer 35

iridectomy

Question 36

inflammation of the cornea

Answer 36

keratitis

Question 37

pertaining to tears

Answer 37

lacrimal

Question 38

production of tears

Answer 38

lacrimation

Question 39

pertaining to within the eye

Answer 39

intraocular

Question 40

medical doctor who specializes in treating disoders of the eye

Answer 40

opthalmologist

Question 41

pertaining to the eye

Answer 41

opthalmic

Question 42

paralysis of the muscles that move the eye

Answer 42

opthalmoplegia

Question 43

pertaining to eye/vision

Answer 43

optic

Question 44

nonmedical professional who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and prescribe lenses; a doctor of optometry

Answer 44

optometrist

Question 45

nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses but cannot prescribe lenses

Answer 45

optician

Question 46

pertaining to eyelid

Answer 46

palpebral

Question 47

swelling of the optic disc. this condition is associated with intracranial pressure and hyperemia/increased blood flow in the region of the optic disc

Answer 47

papilledema

Question 48

cataract removal surgery- technique of cataract extraction using ultrasonic vibrations to fragment/emulsify the lens and aspirate pieces from the eye

Answer 48

phacoemulsification

Question 49

absence of eye lense- this condition may be congenital but most often is the result of a cataract without placement of an artificial lens

Answer 49

aphakia

Question 50

pertaining to the pupil of the eye

Answer 50

pupillary

Question 51

inflammation of the retina

Answer 51

retinitis

Question 52

genetic disorder in which pigmented scar forms on the retina and destroys retinal rods. decreased vision and night blindness (nyctalopia) occurs

Answer 52

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 53

PERTAINING to the pupil of the eye

Answer 53

pupillary

Question 54

inflammation of the retina

Answer 54

retinitis

Question 55

disease of retina due to high blood pressure- changes such as narrowing of arterioles, microaneurysms, hemorrhages, and exudates (fluid leakage), are found on examination of the fundus

Answer 55

hypertensive retinopathy

Question 56

pertaining to both the cornea and the sclera

Answer 56

corneoscleral

Question 57

inflammation of the sclera

Answer 57

scleritis

Question 58

a hardening and thickening of the skin

Answer 58

scleroderma

Question 59

hardening of the arteries with collection of plaque

Answer 59

arteriosclerosis

Question 60

inflammation of the uvea

Answer 60

uveitis

Question 61

within the vitreous humor- these injections are a method of treatment for opthalmologic conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration

Answer 61

intravitreal

Question 62

decreased visual acuity often in a single eye and appearing in children. can occur from misalignment of the eye or with strabismus. known as "lazy eye"

Answer 62

amblyopia

Question 63

double vision

Answer 63

diplopia

Question 64

increased pressure that results in damage, the term comes from the dull gray/green color of the affected eye in advanced cases

Answer 64

glaucoma

Question 65

contraction of the pupil

Answer 65

miosis- a miotic drug is one that causes the pupil to contract

Question 66

widening of the eye pupil. enlargement of pupils.

Answer 66

mydriasis

Question 67

poor night vision- deficiency of vitamin a

Answer 67

nyctalopia

Question 68

light sensitivity

Answer 68

photophobia

Question 69

impairment of vision due to old age

Answer 69

presbyopia

Question 70

blind spot in the field of vision- indicates damage to the retina or the optic nerve

Answer 70

scotoma

Question 71

excessive dry eye

Answer 71

xeropthalmia

Question 72

farsightedness- vision condition in which distant objects are seen more clearly than objects that are near

Answer 72

hyperopia

Question 73

farightedness

Answer 73

hypermetropia

Question 74

absence of vision in half of the visual field. stroke victims frequently have damage to the brain on one side of the visual cortex and experience this, the visual loss is in the right or left vision field of both eyes

Answer 74

hemianopsia

Question 75

inward turning of the eye

Answer 75

esotropia

Question 76

outward turning of the eye

Answer 76

exotropia

Question 77

defect in eye muscles so that both eyes cannot be focused on the same point at the same time

Answer 77

strabismus

Question 78

channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum

Answer 78

auditory canal

Question 79

auditory canal

Answer 79

auditory meatus

Question 80

carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex), these fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII)

Answer 80

auditory nerve fibers

Question 81

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube

Answer 81

auditory tube

Question 82

the protruding part of the external ear; pinna

Answer 82

auricle

Question 83

waxy substance secreted by the external ear; earwax

Answer 83

cerumen

Question 84

snail shell-shaped spirally wound tube in the inner ear, contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells

Answer 84

cochlea

Question 85

fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 85

endolymph

Question 86

auditory tube

Answer 86

eustachian tube

Question 87

second ossicle of the middle ear, looks like an anvil

Answer 87

incus

Question 88

maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; this includes the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

Answer 88

labyrinth

Question 89

first ossicle of the middle ear; malleus means hammer

Answer 89

malleus

Question 90

sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the inner ear

Answer 90

organ of Corti

Question 91

small bone of the ear; includes the malleus, incus, and stapes

Answer 91

ossicle

Question 92

membrane between the middle ear and the inner ear

Answer 92

oval window

Question 93

fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear

Answer 93

perilymph

Question 94

auricle; flap of the ear

Answer 94

pinna

Question 95

passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium

Answer 95

semicircular canals

Question 96

third ossicle of the middle ear. means stirrup

Answer 96

stapes

Question 97

membrane between the outer and the middle ear; also called the eardrum

Answer 97

tympanic membrane

Question 98

central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the two semicircular canals and the cochlea; contains two structures, the saccule and the utricle, that help to maintain equilibrium

Answer 98

vestibule

Question 99

pertaining to hearing

Answer 99

acoustic

Question 100

record of hearing using audiometer

Answer 100

audiogram

Question 101

a health care professional specializing in the evaluation and rehabilitation of people with hearing loss

Answer 101

audiologist

Question 102

pertaining to hearing

Answer 102

auditory

Question 103

pertaining to the ear

Answer 103

aural

Question 104

pertaining to behind the ear

Answer 104

postauricular

Question 105

pertaining to the cochlea

Answer 105

cochlear

Question 106

inflammation of the mastoid

Answer 106

mastoiditis

Question 107

the posterior portion of the temporal bone extending downward behind the external auditory meatus

Answer 107

mastoid process

Question 108

incision of the eardrum

Answer 108

myringotomy

Question 109

inflammation of the eardrum

Answer 109

myringitis

Question 110

surgical repair of the ossicle

Answer 110

ossiculoplasty

Question 111

pertaining to the ear

Answer 111

otic

Question 112

fungal infection of the ear

Answer 112

otomycosis

Question 113

ear discharge

Answer 113

otopyorrhea

Question 114

otolaryngologist

Answer 114

ENT a medical doctor specializing in the ear, nose and throat

Question 115

pertaining to the eustachian tube and threoat

Answer 115

salpingopharyngeal

Question 116

removal of middle ear bone

Answer 116

stapedectomy

Question 117

surgical repair of the eardrum

Answer 117

tympanoplasty

Question 118

pertaining to the inner ear

Answer 118

vestibulocochlear

Question 119

excessive sensitivity to sounds

Answer 119

hyperacusis

Question 120

progressive hearing loss, a type of nerve deafness that occurs with the process of aging

Answer 120

presbycusis

Question 121

instrument used to measure hearing

Answer 121

audiometer

Question 122

abnormally large ears; dumbo ears

Answer 122

macrotia