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MBC > CH 10 NEURO REVIEW > Flashcards

CH 10 NEURO REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

microscopic fiber leading from the cell body that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

A

axon

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2
Q

large, interlacing network of nerves

A

plexus

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3
Q

three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

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4
Q

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse

A

dendrite

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5
Q

outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

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6
Q

glial cell that transports water and salts between capillaries and nerve cells

A

ASTROCYTE

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7
Q

glial cells that produce myelin

A

oligodendroglial cell

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8
Q

a nerve cell that transmits a nerve impulse

A

neuron

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9
Q

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar vertebae

A

cauda equina

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10
Q

fatty tissue that surrounds axons of a nerve cell

A

myelin sheath

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11
Q

dura mater

A

outermost layer of the meninges

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12
Q

central nervous system CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

middle layer of the meninges- spider-like-around brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

hypothalamus

A

beneath the thalamus; regulates sleep, appetite, temp and pituitary

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16
Q

synapse

A

space that nerve impulse travels between cells, nerve, muscle and glands

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17
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

autonomic nerves that influence body during stress

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18
Q

medulla oblongata

A

controls breathing, heartbeat, blood vessels- nerves cross here

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19
Q

pons

A

a bridge connecting various parts of the brain

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20
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates muscle movements and balance- posterior part of the brain

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21
Q

thalamus

A

main relay center; optic nerve fibers pass through here to the cerebral cortex

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22
Q

ventricles of the brain

A

canals that hold CSF and also cushion the brain

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23
Q

brainstem

A

connects cerebrum and spinal cord- posterior portion of the brain

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24
Q

cerebrum

A

responsiblee for voluntary muscular activity; largest part of the brain

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25
Q

ganglion

A

nerve cells in peripheral nervous system

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26
Q

innermost meningeal membrane

A

pia mater

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27
Q

carry messages away from (efferent) the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

A

motor nerves

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28
Q

grooves in the cerebral cortex

A

sulci

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29
Q

contains CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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30
Q

elevations in the cerebral cortex

A

gyri

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31
Q

chemical that is released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell ex; acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter

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32
Q

essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron

A

parenchymal cell

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33
Q

connective and supportive stromal tissue

A

glial

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34
Q

disease of the brain

A

encephalopathy

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35
Q

part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance

A

cerebellum

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36
Q

collection of blood above the dura mater

A

epidural hematoma

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37
Q

inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes

A

leptomeningitis

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38
Q

condition of absence of a brain

A

anencephaly

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39
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

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40
Q

pertaining to the membranes around the brain and spinal cord

A

meningeal

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41
Q

disease of nerve roots (of spinal nerves)

A

radiculopathy

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42
Q

hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

A

myelomeningocele/meningomyelocele

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43
Q

pertaining to the tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X)

A

vagal

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44
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of the cerebrum

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45
Q

intrathecal

A

pertaining to within a sheath through the meninges and into the subarachnoid space

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46
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of many nerves

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47
Q

thalamic

A

pertaining to the thalamus

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48
Q

myelopathy

A

disease of the spinal cord

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49
Q

meningioma

A

mass of the meninges usually benign tumor

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50
Q

glioma

A

tumor of the neuroglial cells - brain tumor

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51
Q

subdural hematoma

A

below the dura mater; collection of blood or a mass

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52
Q

reading disorder

A

dyslexia

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53
Q

condition of decreased coordination

A

ataxia

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54
Q

condition of slow movement

A

bradykinesia

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55
Q

condition of increased sensation

A

hyperesthesia

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56
Q

seizure of sleep; uncontrollable compulsion to sleep

A

narcolepsy

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57
Q

difficulty with speech

A

aphasia

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58
Q

inability to perform a task

A

motor apraxia

59
Q

weakness in the right or left half of the body

A

hemiparesis

60
Q

severe burning pain due to nerve injury

A

causalgia

61
Q

paralysis in the lower part of the body

A

paraplegia

62
Q

fainting

A

syncope

63
Q

nervous exhaustion, lack of strength and fatigue

A

neurasthenia

64
Q

analgesia

A

lack of sensitivity to pain

65
Q

motor aphasia

A

difficulty in speaking - understands but cannot speak

66
Q

paresis

A

weakness and partial loss of movement

67
Q

quadriplegic

A

paralysis of the 4 major extremities/ neck down

68
Q

asthenia

A

lack of strength- weakness

69
Q

pertaining to coma (loss of consciousness)

A

comatose

70
Q

condition of abnormal sensations

A

paresthesia

71
Q

excessive movement

A

hyperkinesia

72
Q

condition of no sensation or nervous feelings

A

anestthenia

73
Q

severe burning pain from injury to nerves

A

causalgia

74
Q

pertaining to without movement

A

akinetic

75
Q

diminished sensation to pain

A

hypalgesia

76
Q

impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements

A

dyskinesia

77
Q

recurrent vascular headache with severe pain and unilateral onset and photophobia and phonophobia

A

migraine

78
Q

destruction of myelin sheath (demyelination) and its replacement by hard plaques

A

multiple sclerosis

79
Q

sudden, transient disturbances of brain function cause seizures

A

epilepsy

80
Q

the spinal column is imperfectly joined (a split in the vertebrae occurs) and part of the meninges and spinal cord can herniate out of the spinal cavity

A

myelomeningocele

81
Q

atrophy of muscles and paralysis caused by damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

A

ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

82
Q

patient displays bizarre, abrupt, involuntary dance-like movements as well as decline in mental functions

A

huntington disease

83
Q

cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head in the ventricles of the brain

A

hydrocephalus

84
Q

loss of muscle strength due to the inability of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) to transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscle cells

A

myasthenia gravis

85
Q

degeneration of nerves in the basal ganglia occurring later in life leading to tremors, shuffling gait, and muscle stiffness; dopamine (neurotransmitter) is deficient in the brain

A

parkinsons disease

86
Q

deterioration of mental capacity (dementia); autopsy shows cerebral cortex atrophy, widening of cerebral sulci, and microscopic neurofibrillary tangles

A

alzheimers disease

87
Q

unilateral facial paralysis

A

bells palsy

88
Q

tumor of neuroglial brain cells (astrocytes)

A

astrocytoma

89
Q

inflammation of the meninges, bacterial infection with pus

A

pyogenic meningitis

90
Q

involuntary spasmodic twitching movements, uncontrollable sounds and verbal noises

A

tourettes syndrome

91
Q

bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

A

cerebral contusion

92
Q

disruption of normal blood flow; stroke or infarction

A

cerebrovascular accident

93
Q

TBI caused by a blow to the head

A

cerebral concussion

94
Q

neurological condition caused by infection with the herpes zoster virus

A

herpes zoster

95
Q

blockage of blood vessels in the cerebrum from outside

A

cerebral embolus

96
Q

blockage of blood vessel from inside the cerebrum

A

cerebral thrombosis

97
Q

collection of blood in the brain/can cause a stroke/sudden

A

cerebral hemorrhage

98
Q

widening of a blood vessel in the cerebrum/ can burst

A

cerebral aneurysm

99
Q

brain disease- dementia and encephalopathy caused by AIDS

A

HIV encephalopathy

100
Q

relieving symptoms but not curing

A

palliative

101
Q

virus that causes chicken pox and shingles

A

herpes zoster

102
Q

uncoordinated gait

A

ataxia

103
Q

neurotransmitter

A

dopamine

104
Q

peculiar sensation experienced by patient before onset of seizure

A

aura

105
Q

malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells

A

glioblastoma multiforme

106
Q

major epileptic seizure; ictal event

A

tonic-clonic seizure

107
Q

blood flow to the brain stops for a brief period of time

A

transient ischemic attack

108
Q

minor epileptic seizure

A

absence seizure

109
Q

blockage

A

occlusion

110
Q

use of magnetic waves to create an image of the brain in a transverse, frontal and sagittal view

A

MRI of the brain

111
Q

an instrument is fixed onto the skull and locates a target by three-dimensional measurement; gamma radiation or proton beams are used to treat deep brain lesions

A

stereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife

112
Q

lack of nerve strength

A

NEURASTHENIA

113
Q

inability to speak

A

aphasia

114
Q

inability to perform purposeful actions

A

apraxia

115
Q

condition of insensitivity of pain

A

analgesia

116
Q

condition of loss of sensation

A

anesthesia

117
Q

sensations of tingling, numbness, or pins and needles

A

paresthesia

118
Q

lack of coordination

A

ataxia

119
Q

excessive movement

A

hyperkinesia

120
Q

abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements

A

dyskinesia

121
Q

developmental reading disorder

A

dyslexia

122
Q

partial paralysis

A

paresis

123
Q

gradually progressive dementia

A

AD ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

124
Q

stroke/ embolus/ hemorrhage/ thrombosis/ are etiologic factors

A

CVA cerebrovascular accident

125
Q

intrathecal medications can be administered through this procedure

A

LP lumbar puncture

126
Q

this fluid is analyzed for abnormal blood cells, chemicals and proteins

A

CSF cerebrospinal fluid

127
Q

procedure to diagnose abnormal electrical activity in the brain

A

EEG electroencephalography

128
Q

neurological symptoms and/or signs due to temporary interference of blood supply to the brain

A

TIA transient ischemic attack

129
Q

high levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with spina bifida

A

AFP alpha-feto protein

130
Q

diagnostic procedure that allows excellent visualization of soft tissue in the brain

A

MRI magnetic resonance imaging

131
Q

radioactive materials, such as glucose, are taken up by the brain, and images recorded

A

PET positron emission tomography

132
Q

destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS occurs with plaques of hard scar tissue

A

MS multiple sclerosis

133
Q

part of the brain that controls sleep, appetite, temperature, and secretions of the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

134
Q

pertaining to fainting

A

syncopal

135
Q

abnormal tingling sensation

A

paresthesias

136
Q

inflammation of the spinal nerve root

A

radiculitis

137
Q

inability to speak correctly

A

aphasia

138
Q

movements and behavior that are not purposeful

A

apraxia

139
Q

developmental reading disorder

A

dyslexia

140
Q

excessive movement

A

hyperkinesia

141
Q

paralysis in one half of the body, right or left

A

hemiplegia

142
Q

paralysis in the lower half of the body

A

paraplegia

143
Q

paralysis of all 4 major limbs

A

quadriplegia

144
Q

nervous exhaustion and fatigue

A

neurasthenia

MBC (38 decks)

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