CH 10 NEURO REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
microscopic fiber leading from the cell body that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
A
axon
2
Q
large, interlacing network of nerves
A
plexus
3
Q
three protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
A
meninges
4
Q
microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
A
dendrite
5
Q
outer region of the largest part of the brain; composed of gray matter
A
cerebral cortex
6
Q
glial cell that transports water and salts between capillaries and nerve cells
A
ASTROCYTE
7
Q
glial cells that produce myelin
A
oligodendroglial cell
8
Q
a nerve cell that transmits a nerve impulse
A
neuron
9
Q
collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord at the level of the second lumbar vertebae
A
cauda equina
10
Q
fatty tissue that surrounds axons of a nerve cell
A
myelin sheath
11
Q
dura mater
A
outermost layer of the meninges
12
Q
central nervous system CNS
A
brain and spinal cord
13
Q
peripheral nervous system
A
nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord
14
Q
arachnoid membrane
A
middle layer of the meninges- spider-like-around brain and spinal cord
15
Q
hypothalamus
A
beneath the thalamus; regulates sleep, appetite, temp and pituitary
16
Q
synapse
A
space that nerve impulse travels between cells, nerve, muscle and glands
17
Q
sympathetic nerves
A
autonomic nerves that influence body during stress
18
Q
medulla oblongata
A
controls breathing, heartbeat, blood vessels- nerves cross here
19
Q
pons
A
a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
20
Q
cerebellum
A
coordinates muscle movements and balance- posterior part of the brain
21
Q
thalamus
A
main relay center; optic nerve fibers pass through here to the cerebral cortex
22
Q
ventricles of the brain
A
canals that hold CSF and also cushion the brain
23
Q
brainstem
A
connects cerebrum and spinal cord- posterior portion of the brain
24
Q
cerebrum
A
responsiblee for voluntary muscular activity; largest part of the brain
25
ganglion
nerve cells in peripheral nervous system
26
innermost meningeal membrane
pia mater
27
carry messages away from (efferent) the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands
motor nerves
28
grooves in the cerebral cortex
sulci
29
contains CSF
subarachnoid space
30
elevations in the cerebral cortex
gyri
31
chemical that is released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell ex; acetylcholine
neurotransmitter
32
essential cell of the nervous system; a neuron
parenchymal cell
33
connective and supportive stromal tissue
glial
34
disease of the brain
encephalopathy
35
part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance
cerebellum
36
collection of blood above the dura mater
epidural hematoma
37
inflammation of the pia and arachnoid membranes
leptomeningitis
38
condition of absence of a brain
anencephaly
39
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
poliomyelitis
40
pertaining to the membranes around the brain and spinal cord
meningeal
41
disease of nerve roots (of spinal nerves)
radiculopathy
42
hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
myelomeningocele/meningomyelocele
43
pertaining to the tenth cranial nerve (cranial nerve X)
vagal
44
cerebral cortex
outer region of the cerebrum
45
intrathecal
pertaining to within a sheath through the meninges and into the subarachnoid space
46
polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
47
thalamic
pertaining to the thalamus
48
myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
49
meningioma
mass of the meninges usually benign tumor
50
glioma
tumor of the neuroglial cells - brain tumor
51
subdural hematoma
below the dura mater; collection of blood or a mass
52
reading disorder
dyslexia
53
condition of decreased coordination
ataxia
54
condition of slow movement
bradykinesia
55
condition of increased sensation
hyperesthesia
56
seizure of sleep; uncontrollable compulsion to sleep
narcolepsy
57
difficulty with speech
aphasia
58
inability to perform a task
motor apraxia
59
weakness in the right or left half of the body
hemiparesis
60
severe burning pain due to nerve injury
causalgia
61
paralysis in the lower part of the body
paraplegia
62
fainting
syncope
63
nervous exhaustion, lack of strength and fatigue
neurasthenia
64
analgesia
lack of sensitivity to pain
65
motor aphasia
difficulty in speaking - understands but cannot speak
66
paresis
weakness and partial loss of movement
67
quadriplegic
paralysis of the 4 major extremities/ neck down
68
asthenia
lack of strength- weakness
69
pertaining to coma (loss of consciousness)
comatose
70
condition of abnormal sensations
paresthesia
71
excessive movement
hyperkinesia
72
condition of no sensation or nervous feelings
anestthenia
73
severe burning pain from injury to nerves
causalgia
74
pertaining to without movement
akinetic
75
diminished sensation to pain
hypalgesia
76
impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements
dyskinesia
77
recurrent vascular headache with severe pain and unilateral onset and photophobia and phonophobia
migraine
78
destruction of myelin sheath (demyelination) and its replacement by hard plaques
multiple sclerosis
79
sudden, transient disturbances of brain function cause seizures
epilepsy
80
the spinal column is imperfectly joined (a split in the vertebrae occurs) and part of the meninges and spinal cord can herniate out of the spinal cavity
myelomeningocele
81
atrophy of muscles and paralysis caused by damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
patient displays bizarre, abrupt, involuntary dance-like movements as well as decline in mental functions
huntington disease
83
cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head in the ventricles of the brain
hydrocephalus
84
loss of muscle strength due to the inability of a neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) to transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscle cells
myasthenia gravis
85
degeneration of nerves in the basal ganglia occurring later in life leading to tremors, shuffling gait, and muscle stiffness; dopamine (neurotransmitter) is deficient in the brain
parkinsons disease
86
deterioration of mental capacity (dementia); autopsy shows cerebral cortex atrophy, widening of cerebral sulci, and microscopic neurofibrillary tangles
alzheimers disease
87
unilateral facial paralysis
bells palsy
88
tumor of neuroglial brain cells (astrocytes)
astrocytoma
89
inflammation of the meninges, bacterial infection with pus
pyogenic meningitis
90
involuntary spasmodic twitching movements, uncontrollable sounds and verbal noises
tourettes syndrome
91
bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head
cerebral contusion
92
disruption of normal blood flow; stroke or infarction
cerebrovascular accident
93
TBI caused by a blow to the head
cerebral concussion
94
neurological condition caused by infection with the herpes zoster virus
herpes zoster
95
blockage of blood vessels in the cerebrum from outside
cerebral embolus
96
blockage of blood vessel from inside the cerebrum
cerebral thrombosis
97
collection of blood in the brain/can cause a stroke/sudden
cerebral hemorrhage
98
widening of a blood vessel in the cerebrum/ can burst
cerebral aneurysm
99
brain disease- dementia and encephalopathy caused by AIDS
HIV encephalopathy
100
relieving symptoms but not curing
palliative
101
virus that causes chicken pox and shingles
herpes zoster
102
uncoordinated gait
ataxia
103
neurotransmitter
dopamine
104
peculiar sensation experienced by patient before onset of seizure
aura
105
malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells
glioblastoma multiforme
106
major epileptic seizure; ictal event
tonic-clonic seizure
107
blood flow to the brain stops for a brief period of time
transient ischemic attack
108
minor epileptic seizure
absence seizure
109
blockage
occlusion
110
use of magnetic waves to create an image of the brain in a transverse, frontal and sagittal view
MRI of the brain
111
an instrument is fixed onto the skull and locates a target by three-dimensional measurement; gamma radiation or proton beams are used to treat deep brain lesions
stereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife
112
lack of nerve strength
NEURASTHENIA
113
inability to speak
aphasia
114
inability to perform purposeful actions
apraxia
115
condition of insensitivity of pain
analgesia
116
condition of loss of sensation
anesthesia
117
sensations of tingling, numbness, or pins and needles
paresthesia
118
lack of coordination
ataxia
119
excessive movement
hyperkinesia
120
abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements
dyskinesia
121
developmental reading disorder
dyslexia
122
partial paralysis
paresis
123
gradually progressive dementia
AD ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
124
stroke/ embolus/ hemorrhage/ thrombosis/ are etiologic factors
CVA cerebrovascular accident
125
intrathecal medications can be administered through this procedure
LP lumbar puncture
126
this fluid is analyzed for abnormal blood cells, chemicals and proteins
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
127
procedure to diagnose abnormal electrical activity in the brain
EEG electroencephalography
128
neurological symptoms and/or signs due to temporary interference of blood supply to the brain
TIA transient ischemic attack
129
high levels in amniotic fluid and maternal blood are associated with spina bifida
AFP alpha-feto protein
130
diagnostic procedure that allows excellent visualization of soft tissue in the brain
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
131
radioactive materials, such as glucose, are taken up by the brain, and images recorded
PET positron emission tomography
132
destruction of the myelin sheath in the CNS occurs with plaques of hard scar tissue
MS multiple sclerosis
133
part of the brain that controls sleep, appetite, temperature, and secretions of the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
134
pertaining to fainting
syncopal
135
abnormal tingling sensation
paresthesias
136
inflammation of the spinal nerve root
radiculitis
137
inability to speak correctly
aphasia
138
movements and behavior that are not purposeful
apraxia
139
developmental reading disorder
dyslexia
140
excessive movement
hyperkinesia
141
paralysis in one half of the body, right or left
hemiplegia
142
paralysis in the lower half of the body
paraplegia
143
paralysis of all 4 major limbs
quadriplegia
144
nervous exhaustion and fatigue
neurasthenia
