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MBC > CH 11 CARDIO DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 11 CARDIO DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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2
Q

apex of the heart

A

lower tip of the heart

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3
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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4
Q

artery

A

largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body; notice that artery and away begin with an a- therefore, all arteries carry blood away from heart

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5
Q

atrioventricular bundle (bundle of HIS)

A

specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them; his is pronounced “hiss” for the sound it makes

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6
Q

atrioventricular node AV Node

A

specialized tissue in the wall between the atria; electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker (SA node) through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle or bundle of His towards the ventricles

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7
Q

atrium

A

one of two upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

atria

A

plural; atrium

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9
Q

capillary

A

smallest type of blood vessel; materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls

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10
Q

carbon dioxide (C02)

A

gas (waste) released by the body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation

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11
Q

carotid arteries

A

two common carotid arteries located on each side of the neck branch from the aorta and provide blood to the head, neck and brain. the word carotid comes from a greek word meaning stupor because pressure on these arteries produces unconsciousness

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12
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle

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13
Q

deoxygenated blood

A

blood that is oxygen poor

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14
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of the heartbeat; from greek diastole, which means dilation

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15
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical activity of the heart; the electricity is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, T

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16
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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17
Q

endothelium

A

innermost lining of blood vessels

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18
Q

mitral valve

A

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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19
Q

murmur

A

abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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20
Q

myocardium

A

muscular middle layer of the heart

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21
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

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22
Q

oxygen

A

gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells

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23
Q

pacemaker (sinoatrial node SA node)

A

specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat. an artificial cardiac pacemaker is an electrical apparatus implanted in the chest to stimulate heart muscle that is weak and not functioning

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24
Q

pericardium

A

double layered membrane surrounding the heart

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25
Q

pulmonary artery

A

artery that carries oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs- the only artery in the body that carries oxygen deficient blood

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26
Q

pulmonary valve

A

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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27
Q

pulmonary vein

A

one of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart - the only vein that carries oxygen rich blood

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28
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

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29
Q

pulse

A

beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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30
Q

septum

A

partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria (interatrial septum) and right and left ventricles (interventricular septum)

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31
Q

sinoatrial node SA node

A

pacemaker of the heart

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32
Q

sphygomomanometer

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

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33
Q

systemic circulation

A

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

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34
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the heartbeat; from greek systole, meaning contraction

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35
Q

tricuspid valve

A

located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps

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36
Q

valve

A

structure in the veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction

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37
Q

vein

A

thin-walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart; veins contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards

38
Q

vena cava

A

largest vein in the body; the superior and inferior venae cavae return blood to the right atrium of the heart

39
Q

ventricle

A

one of two lower chambers of the heart

40
Q

venule

A

small vein

41
Q

septa

A

plural; septum

42
Q

venae cavae

A

plural; vena cava

43
Q

angiogram

A

record of blood vessels

44
Q

angioplasty

A

medical repair of blood vessels

45
Q

aortic stenosis

A

narrowing of the aortic valve opening

46
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery with fatty plaque

47
Q

arterial anastomosis

A

new surgical connection between two arteries

48
Q

arteriorgraphy

A

xray record of arteries with contrast

49
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

50
Q

atheroma

A

mass of fatty plaque in artery; artheromas are collections of plaque that protrude into the lumen (opening) of an artery, weakening the muscle lining

51
Q

athersclerosis

A

the major form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of yellow plaque (atheromas) containing cholesterol and lipids are found within the lining of the artery

52
Q

artherectomy

A

removal of plaque in arteries

53
Q

atrial

A

pertaining to the upper chamber of the heart

54
Q

atrioventricular

A

pertaining to the atrioventricular (bundle, node or block)

55
Q

brachial artery

A

artery that carries blood to the arm

56
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

57
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

58
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

a type of myopathy with abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, usually in the left ventricle. the ventricle has to work harder to pump blood. the condition may be inherited or develop over time because of high blood pressure or aging. often the cause is unknown (idiopathic)

59
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat, slower than 60 bpm. brady means slow

60
Q

tachycardia

A

fast beatbeat greater than 100 bpm. tachy means fast

61
Q

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

involves rapid beats coming from the atria (above the ventricles) and causing palpitation (abnormal sensations in the chest)

62
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

circulatory failure due to poor heart health- results from failure of the heart in its pumping action

63
Q

shock

A

circulatory failure associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

64
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

high levels of cholesterol in the blood

65
Q

statins

A

drugs that work by blocking a key enzyme in the production of cholesterol by the liver

66
Q

coronary arteries

A

branches of the aorta that bring oxygenated blood to the heart. these arteries come down over the top of the heart like a crown; thus coron/crown coronation is to crown a king

67
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blue skin due to diminished oxygen content of the blood

68
Q

myxoma

A

benign tumor in connective tissue of the heart muscle; cells are embedded in the soft mucoid stromal tissue; these rare tumors most frequently occur in the left atrium

69
Q

hypoxia

A

deficient oxygen; inadequate oxygen in tissues

70
Q

anoxia

A

an extreme state of hypoxia where no oxygen may be present in the blood

71
Q

pericardiocentisis

A

removal of excess fluid from the pericardial space

72
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision of a vein for removal of blood. a phlebotomist is trained in opening veins for phlebotomy.

73
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot. often shorted to phlebitis. if the affected vein is deep within a muscle, the condition is deep vein thrombosis DVT

74
Q

arrhythmia

A

irregular/abnormal heartbeat (a/rhythm- without rhythm)

75
Q

dysrhythmia

A

also used to describe an abnormal heart rhythm- one R is dropped

76
Q

sphygmomanometer sfig-mom-an-o-meter

A

instrument to measure blood pressure

77
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for listening to sounds in the chest. it is a misnomer because the examination is done by ear, not by eye.

78
Q

auscultation

A

listening to sounds within the body, typically with a stethoscope

79
Q

thrombolysis

A

destruction or breakdown of a clot

80
Q

valvuloplasty

A

surgical repair of a valve; a balloon-tipped catheter dilates a cardiac valve

81
Q

mitral valvulitis

A

inflammation of the mitral valve; commonly associated with rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease caused by inadequate treatment of a streptococcal infection. an autoimmune reaction occurs, leading to inflammation and damage to the heart valves

82
Q

valvotomy

A

incision of a valve

83
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

84
Q

constriction

A

to tighten or narrow

85
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of a blood vessel

86
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to blood vessels

87
Q

venous

A

pertaining to a vein

88
Q

venous cutdown

A

a small surgical incision to permit access to a collapsed vein

89
Q

intravenous infusion (IV)

A

delivery of fluids into a vein

90
Q

venipuncture

A

incision of a vein to remove blood- this is performed for phlebotomy or to start an intravenous infusion

91
Q

interventricular septum

A

wall between the ventricles of the heart

MBC (38 decks)

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