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alevel pe aqa > biomechanical principals > Flashcards

biomechanical principals Flashcards

1
Q

an increase in friction increases

A

stability/balance

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2
Q

what has greater inertia, a shot or a tennisball

A

a shot

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3
Q

what is newtons first law of physics about

A

inertia

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4
Q

what is inertia

A

the resistance of a body to move or change its state of motion

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5
Q

linking to inertia, if an object is at rest what will happen

A

it will remain at rest

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6
Q

linking to inertia if an object is moving in one direction what will happen

A

it will continue to do so at the same velocity until other forces are exerted upon it

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7
Q

what is the deeper definition of inertia? every ……

A

every body continues in its state of rest or motion in a straight line, unless compelled to change that state by external forces exerted upon it

simply: a force is required to change the state of motion of that object

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8
Q

the state of motion can be what and changing it means what

A

still or moving

speeding up or slowing down

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9
Q

what is inertia measured in

A

kg

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10
Q

the bigger the mass of an object the …….. the inertia, meaning ….

A

the larger the inertia meaning it is harder to change its motion

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11
Q

what surface can have zero friction

A

ice

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12
Q

the force acting on an object (in order to overcome inertia) must be ….

A

unbalanced and larger than inertia

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13
Q

an ice hockey puck will be in a state of ……. before hit and will remain in a …. …….. before it hits the net/wall

A

state of inertia
in a constant inertia

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14
Q

analyse using newtons 1st law how a footballer will move towards the ball from a stationary position

A

they will be in a state of inertia before movement occurs

a force is needed to change their state of motion and over come inertia otherwise they will remain stationary

this force must be unbalanced and larger than inertia

the footballer will provide internal force by contracting their leg muscles

using this force they can overcome inertia allowing them to move from a stationary position and kick the ball from the preferred pitch position

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15
Q

what is newtons second law of physics about

A

acceleration

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16
Q

what is the equation for 2nd law

A

force= mass x acceleration

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17
Q

what is the definition for 2nd law

A

the rate of momentum of a body is proportional to the force causing it AND the change takes place in the direction in which the force acts

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18
Q

2nd law def in simple terms:
more force =
direction force=

A

more force on object= more acceleration/faster body will go

direction you put the force in = direction body goes

19
Q

according to 2nd law what remains constant

A

the mass of the performer

20
Q

linking to 2nd law the more mass or inertia a body has the more ……. to

A

the more force it takes to accel the object

21
Q

analyse using 2nd law how a footballer will move towards the ball from a stationary position

A

by varying force of muscle contractions/the number of motor units recruited the footballer can cause a change in momentum for stationary to moving

therefore the greater the force they generate the greater the acceleration to the ball

22
Q

a swimmer dives of the starting blocks as quick as possible explain how using 1st and 2nd laws

A

force is applied by the muscles
1st: law of inertia, will remain on the blocks until a force is applied, continues to move forward with constant velocity until another force is applied, water slows the swimmer

2nd: mass of swimmer is constant, greater the force exerted on the blocks the greater the accel/mom, force governs direction

23
Q

what is newtons 3rd law def

A

To every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction (force)

24
Q

what is ground reaction force

A

the equal and opposite force exerted on a performer who applies a muscular force on the ground

25
Q

what affect does more action force have on the reaction force

A

the more force applied in the action force the larger the reaction force

26
Q

net force is the result of ,….

A

multiple forces

27
Q

3rd: as a sprinter pushes down and backwards on the ground, the ground…

A

pushes up and forwards on the sprinter

28
Q

apply 3rd to a swimmer

A

swimmer pushes backwards on the water, reaction force thrusts the swimmer forwards

29
Q

what is the centre of mass

A

the point at which the mass goes around, the point of balance of a body

30
Q

if the centre of mass comes out of the base of support what happens

A

you become unstable

31
Q

if a person is smaller how does this affect their centre of mass

A

is it lower

32
Q

can the centre of mass be outside the body

A

yes

33
Q

what is a concentric force

A

a force that is applied through the COM of an object will give it linear motion (will move in a straight line or curve)

34
Q

what is an eccentric force

A

a force not applied through the COM is likely to give the object rotation or angular velocity

35
Q

a smaller person has less …. and therefore we can push their …. outside their ……

A

less inertia
push com
out bos

36
Q

what are the key tips about stability

A

height of centre of gravity
area of bos
line of gravity
mass of performer/object

37
Q

if your line of gravity is within … then you are stable but

A

bos
but if it near the edge you are less stable

38
Q

what is the line of gravity

A

goes straight down from cog/com

39
Q

what is stability

A

maintain balance/equilibrium, resistance to change position

forces altering com can influence/reduce stability

40
Q

in most cases…….. keep the performer stable by locking …… in place

A

isometric contractions

locking joints in place

41
Q

how to males and females com tend to differ

A

males tend to have higher com due to increased weight in the shoulders

females lower weight around hips

42
Q

how to improve stability

A

lower the centre of mass
more contact points/larger area of base of support

43
Q

define and explain the concept of centre of mass in relation to forces (3)

A

com is a unique point of object where its weight can be considered to act

object of uniform shape and density- com and centre of shape

force applied through com is concentric and results in body moving in a straight line/linear motion

force not applied through com is eccentric and results in rotation/angular motion

44
Q
A

alevel pe aqa (24 decks)

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