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OB > 8.1c Behavioral Adaptations > Flashcards

8.1c Behavioral Adaptations Flashcards

1
Q

Regulating Physiologic or Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • Infants first need to regulate their physiologic and autonomic system by regulating heart rate, respirations, temperature
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2
Q

Motor Organization

A
  • After regulating physiologic factors, motor organization is next.
  • Control random movements
  • Improve muscle tone
  • Reduce excessive activity
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3
Q

State Regulation

A
  • The third level is state regulation which controls state of consciousness
  • Developed sleep and wake cycles and react less to stress
  • Self regulation and communication with caregiver by crying and then being helped
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4
Q

Attention and Social Interaction

A
  • The last level
  • Attention and social interaction
  • Infant attends to visual and auditory stimuli
  • They can stay alert for a long period of time
  • They engage in social interaction
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5
Q

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

A
  • Identifies where infants fall short along the continuum of behaviors and necessary support.
  • Infant should be able to attend visual
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6
Q

Habituation

A
  • Ability to respond to and then inhibit responding to discrete stimulus (light, rattle, pinprick,) while asleep
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7
Q

Reflexes

A
  • Assessment of several neonatal reflexes
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8
Q

Regulation of State

A
  • How infants respond when aroused
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9
Q

Autonomic Stability

A
  • Signs of stress
  • Tremors, startles, skin color
  • Related to homeostatic (self-regulator) adjustment of nervous system
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10
Q

Orientation

A
  • Quality of alert states and ability to attend to visual and auditory stimuli while alert
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11
Q

Range of State

A
  • Measure of general arousal level or arousability of infant
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12
Q

Regulation of State

A
  • How infant responds when aroused
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13
Q

Sleep-Wake States

A
  • Parents react to babies differently based on activity level, feeding patterns, and responsiveness
  • Infants state of consciousness determine their responses to environmental stimuli and caregiver
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14
Q

Wake/Sleep States

A

Sleep Cycles
- Deep/Light Sleep

Wake Cycles

  • Drowsy
  • Quiet
  • Active Alert
  • Crying

Optimal state is quiet alert state with baby smiling, vocalizing, moving in synchrony with speech, watching parents faces, responding to people talking to them

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15
Q

State Modulation

A
  • Newborns control their sensory input to regulate sleep/wake cycles
  • The ability to make smooth transitions is state modulation
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16
Q

Purposeful Behavior

A
  • Used by baby to maintain optimal arousal states
    Examples
  • Actively withdrawing by increasing physical distance
  • Rejecting or pushing away with their hands and feet
  • Decrease sensitivity by falling asleep or break eye contact by turning head
  • Signal behaviors such as fussing and crying
17
Q

Vision

A
  • Clearest distance 17-20 cm (distance between baby and mother during breastfeeding)
  • Can recognize mother faces
  • Will engage mother with eye contact
  • Can imitate face expressions (sticking out tongue)
  • Prefer complex patterns over non-patterned stimuli
  • Prefer black and white colors
18
Q

Hearing

A
  • Can hear and differentiate sounds
  • Will turn to sounds to attempt to locate source
  • Responds to mothers voice
  • Prefers high-pitched intonations
  • Responds to rhythmic sounds
  • Routine hearings recommended for all newborns
19
Q

Smell

A
  • They have highly developed sense of smell

- Able to differentiate mothers milk from other milk

20
Q

Taste

A
  • Babies use their mouth a lot, for feeding, rapid growth, and stress relief through sucking
  • Infants prefer sweets
21
Q

Touch

A
  • Responsive to touch on all parts of body

- Touch and motion are essential to normal development

22
Q

Temperament

A
  • Individual variation in reactions of newborns
23
Q

Habituation

A
  • Protective mechanism to become accustomed to environmental stimuli
24
Q

Consolability

A
  • Vary in ability to be consoled or console themselves (comforted)
25
Q

Cuddliness

A
  • Important to parents to gauge ability to care for a child
26
Q

Crying

A
  • Language of an infant
  • Signals hunger, pain, desire for attention, fussiness
  • Response to stimuli such as cold, overstimulation, held by multiple people
  • Responsiveness of crying by caregiver builds trust with caregiver that they will remove discomforts
27
Q

Crying Expected Adaptations 5 hours

A
  • Second period of reactivity
  • Tachycardia/Tachypnea
  • Increased muscle tone
  • Skin color change
  • Increased mucus production
  • Passage of meconium
  • RR 30-60
  • No crackles

Grunting and flaring are signs of respiratory distress

28
Q

A breastfed, full term newborn girl is 12 hours old and being prepared for early discharge. If present, which assessments findings could delay discharge?

A
  • Jaundice before 24 hours is indicative of pathologic jaundice
  • Glucose should be 50-60 and not lower than 40
  • Acrocyanosis is normal between 7-10 days
29
Q

Erythema Toxicum

A
  • Rash that may develop on abdomen and thigh at 12 hours of life
30
Q

Thermoregulation

A
  • Maintenance and balance of heat loss and production
31
Q

Newborn Heat Loss

A
  • They are especially vulnerable because
  • They do not have much subcutaneous tissue
  • Blood vessels are close to the surface
  • ## They have large body surface to body weight ratio
32
Q

Heat loss Types

A

Convection - Flow of heat into ambient cooler air
Radiation - Loss of heat being near but not in contact with cold surface
Evaporation - Heat loss liquid turning to vapor
Conduction - Loss of heat from direct contact with cold surface

33
Q

Prevention of heat loss

A
  • Skin to skin contact
34
Q

How infants respond to cold

A
  • Increase muscle activity and metabolism brown fat
  • ## Shivering and heat production is not available in newborns
35
Q

Signs of Cold Stress

A
  • RR increases
  • Vasoconstriction leading to respiratory distress
  • Right/Left cardiac valve shunting
  • Anaerobic glycolysis which can lead to hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis

OB (96 decks)

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