3.1 B Diagnosing Pregnancy Flashcards
1
Q
Pregnancy Tests
A
- Recognition of hCG is earliest bio-marker for pregnancy
2
Q
HcG
A
- Higher than normal HcG is associated with abnormal gestation such as down syndrome or gestational trophoblastic disease (tumors that form during abnormal pregnancy) or multiple gestations.
- Lower levels of HcG can indicate miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy (egg grows outside main cavity of uterus)
3
Q
Quantitative Serum Testing
A
- hCG Test
- High level of accuracy
- Measures exact HcG levels in blood
4
Q
Sandwich-type Immunoassay Testing
A
- Most Popular Method
- Basis for home testing
- Uses monoclonal antibody (anti-HcG) with enzymes that bind to hCG in urine
- Accuracy is related to following instructions
5
Q
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
A
- Subjective
- Changes women experience (fatigue, breast changes, quickening)
- Suggests pregnancy but can be caused by other factors
- Breast changes, amenorrhea, quickening, urinary frequency, nausea, vomiting, fatigue
6
Q
Probably Signs of Pregnancy
A
- Objective
- Changes observed by examiner (positive pregnancy test, Hegar Sign, Chadwick Sign)
- Strongly Suggests Pregnancy
- Ballottement, Chadwick sign, Braxton Hicks Contractions, Hegar sign, Goodell sign, positive pregnancy test (urine or serum)
7
Q
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
A
- Objective
- Changes observed by examiner as demonstrated by fetus (fetal heart tones, ultrasound)
- Indicates proof of pregnancy
- Fetal movements both visible and palpable, visualization with ultrasound, heart rate with ultrasound
8
Q
Estimated Date of Birth
A
- Determined with date of last menstrual period and first accurate ultrasound examination
- Most accurately measured based on ultrasound measurement of embryo during first trimester of pregnancy
9
Q
Naegele Rule
A
- Method of calculating EDB
- Based on accurate recall of LMP
- Assumes woman has 28 day cycle and fertilization on 14th day
- Subtract 3 months from LMP date and add 7 days
