7.1e Infant-Parent Adjustment Flashcards
1
Q
Parent-Infant Relationship/bonding/attachment
A
- A better connection leads to optimal child development in cognitive, linguistic, and behavior domains.
2
Q
Klaus and Kennell
A
- There is a sensitive period during the first few minutes or hours after birth where mothers and fathers must have close contact with their infants to optimize child development
- Later they acknowledged that more than just minutes or hours after birth are needed to form an emotional relationship with infants
3
Q
Bonding
A
- Mutually satisfying experience
- Involves parents acquainting with infant, identifying infant as an individual, and claims the infant as a member of the family
4
Q
Attachment Theory (Bowlby)
A
- Positive interactions with infants with social, verbal and nonverbal responses facilitate secure parent-infant attachment
- Parents must provide a secure base for infant exploration and safe haven in face of distressing stimuli
5
Q
Bonding and Attachment
A
- Both describe necessity of interaction and proximity (staying close) with the infant
- Parents should maintain proximity with infants bids for attention
6
Q
Mutuality
A
- Infants behaviors and characteristics elicit a corresponding set of parental behaviors and characteristics
7
Q
Acquaintance
A
- Parents using eye contact, touching, talking, and exploring to become acquainted with their infant during Postpartum
- Adoptive parents also undergo this when they first meet their new child
8
Q
Nursing Intervetions
A
- Heighten parents awareness of infant responses and ability to communicate
- Bolster self-confidence and ego
- Identify problems
- Prepare patient with resources after discharge
9
Q
Facilitating Behaviors
A
- Eye contact
- Maintains proximity (direct attention to infant)
- Identifies infant as unique individual
- Claims infant as part of the family
- Touch contact
- Smiles at infant
- Talks, coos, sings to infant
- Expresses pride in infant
- Assigns meanings to infant actions
- Views infant behavior in positive light
10
Q
Inhibiting Behaviors
A
- Ignores infants presence
- Does not seek proximity
- Identifies infant with someone parent dislikes
- Has difficulty naming the infant
- Fails fingertip to palmar touch
- Frowns at infant
- Handles infant roughly or wakes infant up
- Expresses disappointment
- Makes to effort to interpret infant needs/actions
- Views infant behavior as uncooperative
11
Q
Assessment of relationship
A
- Observation of the behavior that indicate emotional bond to infant (especially mother)
- Long labor, drugged after birth, complications, c-sections, issues breastfeeding, separated from birth all affect mother infant attachment directly after birth
12
Q
Early Contact
A
- Early close contact facilitates attachment process
- Early skin to skin contact during the first hour facilitates motherly affection and connection
- Newborn is put prone on mothers bare chest and a blanket is covered
- Early breastfeeding promotes less infant crying, better thermoregulation (especially for low birth weight infants), and improved cardiorespiratory stability for pre-term babies
- This contact is not essential (especially for babies who are transferred to NICU)
13
Q
Extended Contact
A
- Rooming-In (infant stays in room with mother)
- Father should be encouraged to participate in care for the infant
- Siblings and grandparents should also become acquainted with the infant.
14
Q
Attachment Behavior Assessment
A
- Do parents reach out for the baby when brought into the room and do they call the infant by their name
- Do they mention what appears special about their baby
- What type of body contact is used when parent holds their infant. Do they avoid touching certain parts of the baby
- How do they look at infant and what stimulation does parent provide when infant is awake
- How comfortable is the parent in caring for the infant (concern for changing diapers)
- Do they smile, stoke, kiss the baby
- What comfort techniques are used to comfort baby (rocking, swaddling, talking)
- Extended contact highly recommended for those at risk of parent inadequacies (low income or adolescent)
- Encourage activities that promote family centered care
- Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) encourage hospitals to create spaces that conduct forming bonds between mothers and babies and supportive of breast feeding)
15
Q
Attachment Promotion
A
- Provide opportunity for parents to hold and examine baby immediately after birth
- Encourage skin to skin contact
- Assist parents in participating with infant care
- Provide rooming while in the hospital
16
Q
Environmental Management
A
- Foster privacy
- Individualize daily routine to meet parents needs
- Encourage significant other to sleep in the same room as mother
- Encourage presence of significant other as much as possible
17
Q
Family Integrity Promotion
A
- Prepare parents for role changes for becoming a parent
- Prepare parent for responsibilities of parenthood
- Monitor effects of newborn on family structure
- Reinforce positive parenting behavior
18
Q
Lactation Counseling
A
- Correct inaccuracies about breastfeeding
- Assess and assist feeding techniques
- Evaluate parents understanding of infant feeding cues (rooting, sucking, alertness)
- Determine frequency of feeding needs
- Demonstrate breast massage and its advantages to increasing milk supply
19
Q
Parent Education
A
- Determine parents readiness to learn
- Describe developmental changes needed during first year of life
- Teach parenting skills
- Demonstrate ways to stimulate infant development
- Discuss infant capabilities for interaction
- Demonstrate quieting techniques (quiet fear based thoughts)
20
Q
Risk Identification
A
- Developmental stage of parents
- Prenatal history that predispose complications of parents
- Understanding of English or other languages
- Behaviors that indicate issues with attachment
- Plan risk-reduction activities with family
21
Q
The Senses
A
Touch - Used to become acquainted with infant
Eye Contact - 30cm apart, facilitated immediately after birth by positioning baby on mothers chest. Dim lights to encourage infants eyes to stay open. Prophylactic eye ointment should be delayed an hour to allow parent to spend time together
Voice - Infants respond to higher-pitched voices and can distinguish mothers voice from others soon after birth
Scent - Mothers typically note their infants smell is unique
