1.1c Types of Care/International Concerns

Question 1

Regionalization of Perinatal Healthcare Services

Answer 1

• Not all facilities can maintain full spectrum of services for high risk perinatal care
• Regionalized system focused on integrating graded levels of care is effective for improved outcomes for mothers and newborns.

Question 2

Ambulatory Care

Answer 2

Basic Care - Obstetricians, family physicians, nurse midwives. Includes routine and risk-oriented prenatal care, Education and support.
Specialty Care - Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists and Reproductive Geneticists. This includes genetic testing, advanced fetal therapies, management of severe high-risk maternal and fetal complications.

Question 3

Technology Advances

Answer 3

• Preconception counseling
• Sophisticated fetal monitoring techniques
• Greater accuracy for hypoxia and acidosis testing
• Highly trained nurses and neonatologists in nursery
• New cancer screening techniques
• Advances in diagnoses of breast cancer
• Telehealth visits

Question 4

Community Based Care

Answer 4

• Care has shifted from hospitals to ambulatory settings such as homes, churches, and shopping malls
• This has improved access to care for people
• Nursing education is become increasingly community based
• Technology only available in hospitals are now available in homes

Question 5

Prenatal Care

Answer 5

• Ideally begins before pregnancy to improve outcomes

- Starts with risk assessment and supporting healthy behaviors such as diet and smoking

Question 6

Family Centered Care

Answer 6

• Family may be present for cesarean and vaginal births.
  Doulas - Birth assistants trained in labor coaching
• Newborns should be placed skin to skin with mother immediately after birth so they are encouraged to breast feed as soon as possible.

Question 7

Consumer Involvement

Answer 7

• Self-management is appealing due to reduced healthcare costs.
• These include nutrition education, stress management, smoking cessations, alcohol and drug treatment, violence prevention, social support improvement, parenting education.

Question 8

4 Domains of Nursing

Answer 8

• Clinical Practice
• Academics
• Administration
• Research

Question 9

Social Media for Nurses

Answer 9

• Do not transmit individually identifiable client information
• Observe ethically prescribed professional nurse-client boundaries.

Question 10

Nurses should with social media

Answer 10

• Understand clients and colleagues can see postings.
• Utilize privacy settings
• Bring content that can harm clients privacy rights to the attention of appropriate authorities
• Participate in developing institutional policies governing online contract.

Question 11

Female Circumcision and Genital Mutilation

Answer 11

• Underlies the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence.
• Suggests that cultural considerations override precepts of modern medicine

Question 12

Women’s Health

Answer 12

• Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women, second to malignant neoplasms including breast cancer.
• Mammography can detect early signs and reduce mortality rates.
• Things that affect women’s health is race, violence, alcoholism, and substance abuse.

Question 13

Domestic Violence

Answer 13

• Includes battery, rape and sexual assault.
• Nurses should report it to a physician, NP, or PA.
• Notify supervisor

Question 14

Head to Toe Physical Abuse Examination

Answer 14

• Exam should take place in privacy
• Provide calm comforting environment
• Have a chaperone or witness present
• Document exam findings, patient statements, nonverbal behavior, and behavior/statements of suspected abuser