6th Page

Question 1

What are the 3 main populations of lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system?

(difficult to distinguish visually)

Answer 1

T cells (61%-80%)
B cells (10%-20%)
Nk cells (10%-15%)

Question 2

Where do lymphocytes arise from?

Answer 2

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

Question 3

Where do lymphocytes differentiate?

Answer 3

In the primary lymphoid organs: Bone Marrow (BM) and Thymus

Question 4

What is used to identify lymphocyte subpopulations?

Answer 4

Proteins or antigens on cell surfaces

Question 5

What does CDS stand for?

Answer 5

Cluster of Differentiation

Question 6

It is used to identify and characterize cell surface molecules on leukocytes

Answer 6

CDs (Cluster of differentiation)

Question 7

What are the functions of T cells?

Answer 7

1. Helper
2. Cytolytic/ Cytotoxic
3. Regulatory

produce cytokines

stimulate B cells to produce Ab (T HELPER CELL)

assist in killing tumor cells or infected target cells (Cytolytic/ Cytotoxic)

Question 8

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 8

Develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies (Ab)

Question 9

Where does maturation and differentiation of B cells occur?

Answer 9

Bone Marrow

Question 10

Where do production T cells occur?

Answer 10

Bone Marrow

Question 11

Where do production B cells occur?

Answer 11

Bone Marrow

Question 12

Where does maturation and differentiation of T cells occur?

Answer 12

Thymus

Question 13

What are the surface markers for T cells?

Answer 13

CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, MHC Class I and II

Question 14

What is the role of cytolytic T cells?

Answer 14

Assist in killing tumor cells or infected target cells

Question 15

Immunity of T cells

Answer 15

Cell mediated

Question 16

Immunity of B cells

Answer 16

Humoral mediated

Question 17

Location in Lymph nodes in T cells

Answer 17

Paracortical region

Question 18

Location in Lymph nodes in B cells

Answer 18

Cortical region

Question 19

Identification in T cells

Answer 19

Rosette formation with SRBC

Question 20

What is the location of T cells in lymph nodes?

Answer 20

Paracortical Region.

Question 21

What are some mitogens for T cells?

Answer 21

Concanavalin A, PHA, PWM

Question 22

Mitogenic activation of B cells

Answer 22

Concanavalin A, PHA, PWM, LPS, Protein A PMA

Question 23

What are some mitogens for B cells?

Answer 23

LPS, Protein A, PMA.

Question 24

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 24

Lymphocytes arise from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells.

Question 25

Where do lymphocytes differentiate?

Answer 25

in primary lymphoid organs.

Question 26

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 26

bone marrow (BM) and thymus.

Question 27

considered as the largest tissue if the body, with a total weight of 1300-1500 g in adult

Answer 27

Bone marrow

Question 28

Where do immature and mature T cells reside in the thymus?

Answer 28

Not fully mature T cells reside in the cortex Mature T cells reside in the medulla before being released.

Question 29

The bone marrow functions as the center for:

Answer 29

antigen-independent lymphopoieses

Question 30

Bone marrow

Answer 30

site where most blood cells mature including B cells and NK cells

Question 31

Thymus

Answer 31

site where T cells mature and develop their identifying characteristics

Question 32

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 32

Where main contact with foreign antigens takes place.

Question 33

What is the spleen?

Answer 33

The largest secondary lymphoid organ filters blood and is responsive to blood-borne pathogens.

Question 34

What are the two types of pulp in the spleen?

Answer 34

Red pulp and white pulp.

Question 35

What does red pulp do?

Answer 35

Makes up more than one half of the total volume Destroys RBCs.

Question 36

What does white pulp contain?

Answer 36

Contains lymphoid tissue.

Question 37

What are the regions of Spleen?

Answer 37

PALS, primary follicles, and marginal zone

Question 38

What is PALS?

Answer 38

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths; contains mainly T cells.

Question 39

What do primary follicles contain?

Answer 39

naive B cells.

Question 40

What does the marginal zone contain?

Answer 40

Contains dendritic cells.

Question 41

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 41

Filter tissue Protects the body from antigens that come from skin or internal surfaces

Question 42

Lymph nodes

Answer 42

Transported via the lymphatic vessels

Question 43

How do lymph nodes respond to antigens?

Answer 43

Introduced distally and routed to them by afferent lymphatics.

Question 44

What are the layers of lymph nodes?

Answer 44

Cortex, paracortex, and medulla.

Question 45

What does the cortex of lymph nodes contain?

Answer 45

Contains macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, naïve or resting B cells (in primary follicle), proliferating B cells, and plasma cells (in 2ndary follicles or germinal centers)

Question 46

What does the paracortex contain?

Answer 46

Contains mainly T cells.

Question 47

What does the medulla contain?

Answer 47

T cells B cells plasma cells macrophages

Question 48

What is MALT?

Answer 48

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, includes appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches.

Question 49

Other secondary lymphoid organs aside from spleen and lymph nodes?

Answer 49

MALT Appendix Tonsils Peyer's patches.

Question 50

What are BALT and GALT?

Answer 50

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue Gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

Question 51

Intracellular Antigens

Answer 51

MHC I

Question 52

What does the small intestine (ileum) contain?

Answer 52

Lymphatic nodules.

Question 53

Extracellular Antigens

Answer 53

MHC II

Question 54

Mitogen examples

Answer 54

PHA - Phytohemagglutinin PWM- Pokeweed Mitogen PMA - Phorbol Myristate Acetate