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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 6th Page > Flashcards

6th Page Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main populations of lymphocytes in the adaptive immune system?

(difficult to distinguish visually)

A

T cells (61%-80%)
B cells (10%-20%)
Nk cells (10%-15%)

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2
Q

Where do lymphocytes arise from?

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC)

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3
Q

Where do lymphocytes differentiate?

A

In the primary lymphoid organs: Bone Marrow (BM) and Thymus

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4
Q

What is used to identify lymphocyte subpopulations?

A

Proteins or antigens on cell surfaces

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5
Q

What does CDS stand for?

A

Cluster of Differentiation

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6
Q

It is used to identify and characterize cell surface molecules on leukocytes

A

CDs (Cluster of differentiation)

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7
Q

What are the functions of T cells?

A
  1. Helper
  2. Cytolytic/ Cytotoxic
  3. Regulatory

produce cytokines

stimulate B cells to produce Ab (T HELPER CELL)

assist in killing tumor cells or infected target cells (Cytolytic/ Cytotoxic)

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8
Q

What is the function of B cells?

A

Develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies (Ab)

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9
Q

Where does maturation and differentiation of B cells occur?

A

Bone Marrow

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10
Q

Where do production T cells occur?

A

Bone Marrow

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11
Q

Where do production B cells occur?

A

Bone Marrow

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12
Q

Where does maturation and differentiation of T cells occur?

A

Thymus

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13
Q

What are the surface markers for T cells?

A

CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, MHC Class I and II

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14
Q

What is the role of cytolytic T cells?

A

Assist in killing tumor cells or infected target cells

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15
Q

Immunity of T cells

A

Cell mediated

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16
Q

Immunity of B cells

A

Humoral mediated

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17
Q

Location in Lymph nodes in T cells

A

Paracortical region

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18
Q

Location in Lymph nodes in B cells

A

Cortical region

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19
Q

Identification in T cells

A

Rosette formation with SRBC

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20
Q

What is the location of T cells in lymph nodes?

A

Paracortical Region.

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21
Q

What are some mitogens for T cells?

A

Concanavalin A, PHA, PWM

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22
Q

Mitogenic activation of B cells

A

Concanavalin A, PHA, PWM, LPS, Protein A PMA

23
Q

What are some mitogens for B cells?

A

LPS, Protein A, PMA.

24
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes arise from pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells.

25
Q

Where do lymphocytes differentiate?

A

in primary lymphoid organs.

26
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A

bone marrow (BM) and thymus.

27
Q

considered as the largest tissue if the body, with a total weight of 1300-1500 g in adult

A

Bone marrow

28
Q

Where do immature and mature T cells reside in the thymus?

A

Not fully mature T cells reside in the cortex

Mature T cells reside in the medulla before being released.

29
Q

The bone marrow functions as the center for:

A

antigen-independent lymphopoieses

30
Q

Bone marrow

A

site where most blood cells mature including B cells and NK cells

31
Q

Thymus

A

site where T cells mature and develop their identifying characteristics

32
Q

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Where main contact with foreign antigens takes place.

33
Q

What is the spleen?

A

The largest secondary lymphoid organ

filters blood and is responsive to blood-borne pathogens.

34
Q

What are the two types of pulp in the spleen?

A

Red pulp and white pulp.

35
Q

What does red pulp do?

A

Makes up more than one half of the total volume

Destroys RBCs.

36
Q

What does white pulp contain?

A

Contains lymphoid tissue.

37
Q

What are the regions of Spleen?

A

PALS, primary follicles, and marginal zone

38
Q

What is PALS?

A

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths; contains mainly T cells.

39
Q

What do primary follicles contain?

A

naive B cells.

40
Q

What does the marginal zone contain?

A

Contains dendritic cells.

41
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Filter tissue

Protects the body from antigens that come from skin or internal surfaces

42
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Transported via the lymphatic vessels

43
Q

How do lymph nodes respond to antigens?

A

Introduced distally and routed to them by afferent lymphatics.

44
Q

What are the layers of lymph nodes?

A

Cortex, paracortex, and medulla.

45
Q

What does the cortex of lymph nodes contain?

A

Contains macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, naïve or resting B cells (in primary follicle), proliferating B cells, and plasma cells (in 2ndary follicles or germinal centers)

46
Q

What does the paracortex contain?

A

Contains mainly T cells.

47
Q

What does the medulla contain?

A

T cells
B cells
plasma cells
macrophages

48
Q

What is MALT?

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, includes appendix, tonsils, and Peyer’s patches.

49
Q

Other secondary lymphoid organs aside from spleen and lymph nodes?

A

MALT
Appendix
Tonsils
Peyer’s patches.

50
Q

What are BALT and GALT?

A

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue.

51
Q

Intracellular Antigens

52
Q

What does the small intestine (ileum) contain?

A

Lymphatic nodules.

53
Q

Extracellular Antigens

54
Q

Mitogen examples

A

PHA - Phytohemagglutinin
PWM- Pokeweed Mitogen
PMA - Phorbol Myristate Acetate

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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