14th Page Flashcards
Hybridoma
An immortal cell capable of producing an indefinite sequence of nucleotides.
What cells are involved in the formation of a hybridoma?
Spleen cells and myeloma cells.
Monoclonal antibodies?
Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell
These Abs exhibit exceptional purity and specificity that recognize and bind to a specific antigen.
Monoclonal Antibodies
Animal use in hybridoma
Mouse
Surfactant in Hybridoma technique
PEG (Polyethylene Glycol)
Selective medium in Hybridoma technique
Medium with HAT
What does HAT stand for?
Hypoxanthine, Aminopterin, Thymidine.
Uses of Hybridoma Technology
Typing tissue and blood
Identifying infectious agents, quantifying hormones, Identifying tumor antigens
Delivering immunotherapy,
Classifying leukemias and lymphomas and follow-up therapy
What is the complement system?
A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of nine components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis.
Who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1919 for elucidating the nature of complement?
Juler Burdet
Where are complement components synthesized?
In the liver, except for:
C1 and Factor D
Synthesized in adipose tissue.
Factor D
intestinal epithelial cells
C1
Four important functions of the complement system?
- Lysis
- Opsonization
- Activation of inflammatory response
- Clearance of immune complexes
What is the role of complement in the immune system?
opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.
What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?
inflammation and tissue damage.
What is the order of discovery for complement components?
C123456789
What is the order of activation for complement components?
C142356789
Which ions are involved in the complement system?
Calcium and Magnesium.
What is the function of C3b?
Acts as a powerful opsonin.
What is the function of C5a?
Acts as a chemotaxin.
What do C3a, C4a, and C5a act as?
They act as anaphylatoxins.
What is an anaphylatoxin?
A small peptide that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.
What is C3 Convertase?
Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b
Alternative Pathway: C3bBb
What is C5 Convertase?
Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b3b
Alternative Pathway: C3bBb3b
What pathways are involved in the classical and lectin pathway?
The classical and lectin pathways are part of the complement activation system.
What is the alternative pathway in the complement system?
The alternative pathway is another mechanism for activating the complement system.
What does C8 do in the complement system?
C8 initiates the formation of the membrane attack complex.
What is the role of calcium in the complement system?
Calcium is involved in the polymerization and competition in the complement activation.
What is the role of complement in the immune system?
Complement promotes opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.
What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?
Chronic activation can lead to inflammation and tissue damage.
What is the order of discovery for complement components?
C123456789
What is the order of activation for complement components?
C142356789
Initiate pore formation
C8
polymerize and complete lyse
C9
