14th Page

Question 1

Hybridoma

Answer 1

An immortal cell capable of producing an indefinite sequence of nucleotides.

Question 2

What cells are involved in the formation of a hybridoma?

Answer 2

Spleen cells and myeloma cells.

Question 3

Monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 3

Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell

Question 4

These Abs exhibit exceptional purity and specificity that recognize and bind to a specific antigen.

Answer 4

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 5

Animal use in hybridoma

Answer 5

Mouse

Question 6

Surfactant in Hybridoma technique

Answer 6

PEG (Polyethylene Glycol)

Question 7

Selective medium in Hybridoma technique

Answer 7

Medium with HAT

Question 8

What does HAT stand for?

Answer 8

Hypoxanthine, Aminopterin, Thymidine.

Question 9

Uses of Hybridoma Technology

Answer 9

Typing tissue and blood
Identifying infectious agents, quantifying hormones, Identifying tumor antigens
Delivering immunotherapy,
Classifying leukemias and lymphomas and follow-up therapy

Question 10

What is the complement system?

Answer 10

A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of nine components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis.

Question 11

Who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1919 for elucidating the nature of complement?

Answer 11

Juler Burdet

Question 12

Where are complement components synthesized?

Answer 12

In the liver, except for:

C1 and Factor D

Question 13

Synthesized in adipose tissue.

Answer 13

Factor D

Question 14

intestinal epithelial cells

Answer 14

C1

Question 15

Four important functions of the complement system?

Answer 15

1. Lysis
2. Opsonization
3. Activation of inflammatory response
4. Clearance of immune complexes

Question 16

What is the role of complement in the immune system?

Answer 16

opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.

Question 17

What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?

Answer 17

inflammation and tissue damage.

Question 18

What is the order of discovery for complement components?

Answer 18

C123456789

Question 19

What is the order of activation for complement components?

Answer 19

C142356789

Question 20

Which ions are involved in the complement system?

Answer 20

Calcium and Magnesium.

Question 21

What is the function of C3b?

Answer 21

Acts as a powerful opsonin.

Question 22

What is the function of C5a?

Answer 22

Acts as a chemotaxin.

Question 23

What do C3a, C4a, and C5a act as?

Answer 23

They act as anaphylatoxins.

Question 24

What is an anaphylatoxin?

Answer 24

A small peptide that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

Question 25

What is C3 Convertase?

Answer 25

Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b Alternative Pathway: C3bBb

Question 26

What is C5 Convertase?

Answer 26

Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b3b Alternative Pathway: C3bBb3b

Question 27

What pathways are involved in the classical and lectin pathway?

Answer 27

The classical and lectin pathways are part of the complement activation system.

Question 28

What is the alternative pathway in the complement system?

Answer 28

The alternative pathway is another mechanism for activating the complement system.

Question 29

What does C8 do in the complement system?

Answer 29

C8 initiates the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Question 30

What is the role of calcium in the complement system?

Answer 30

Calcium is involved in the polymerization and competition in the complement activation.

Question 31

What is the role of complement in the immune system?

Answer 31

Complement promotes opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.

Question 32

What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?

Answer 32

Chronic activation can lead to inflammation and tissue damage.

Question 33

What is the order of discovery for complement components?

Answer 33

C123456789

Question 34

What is the order of activation for complement components?

Answer 34

C142356789

Question 35

Initiate pore formation

Answer 35

C8

Question 36

polymerize and complete lyse

Answer 36

C9