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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 14th Page > Flashcards

14th Page Flashcards

1
Q

Hybridoma

A

An immortal cell capable of producing an indefinite sequence of nucleotides.

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2
Q

What cells are involved in the formation of a hybridoma?

A

Spleen cells and myeloma cells.

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3
Q

Monoclonal antibodies?

A

Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell

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4
Q

These Abs exhibit exceptional purity and specificity that recognize and bind to a specific antigen.

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

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5
Q

Animal use in hybridoma

A

Mouse

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6
Q

Surfactant in Hybridoma technique

A

PEG (Polyethylene Glycol)

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7
Q

Selective medium in Hybridoma technique

A

Medium with HAT

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8
Q

What does HAT stand for?

A

Hypoxanthine, Aminopterin, Thymidine.

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9
Q

Uses of Hybridoma Technology

A

Typing tissue and blood
Identifying infectious agents, quantifying hormones, Identifying tumor antigens
Delivering immunotherapy,
Classifying leukemias and lymphomas and follow-up therapy

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10
Q

What is the complement system?

A

A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of nine components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis.

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11
Q

Who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1919 for elucidating the nature of complement?

A

Juler Burdet

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12
Q

Where are complement components synthesized?

A

In the liver, except for:

C1 and Factor D

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13
Q

Synthesized in adipose tissue.

A

Factor D

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14
Q

intestinal epithelial cells

A

C1

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15
Q

Four important functions of the complement system?

A
  1. Lysis
  2. Opsonization
  3. Activation of inflammatory response
  4. Clearance of immune complexes
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16
Q

What is the role of complement in the immune system?

A

opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.

17
Q

What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?

A

inflammation and tissue damage.

18
Q

What is the order of discovery for complement components?

A

C123456789

19
Q

What is the order of activation for complement components?

A

C142356789

20
Q

Which ions are involved in the complement system?

A

Calcium and Magnesium.

21
Q

What is the function of C3b?

A

Acts as a powerful opsonin.

22
Q

What is the function of C5a?

A

Acts as a chemotaxin.

23
Q

What do C3a, C4a, and C5a act as?

A

They act as anaphylatoxins.

24
Q

What is an anaphylatoxin?

A

A small peptide that causes increased vascular permeability, contraction of smooth muscle, and release of histamine from basophils and mast cells.

25
Q

What is C3 Convertase?

A

Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b

Alternative Pathway: C3bBb

26
Q

What is C5 Convertase?

A

Classical and Lectin Pathway: C4b2b3b

Alternative Pathway: C3bBb3b

27
Q

What pathways are involved in the classical and lectin pathway?

A

The classical and lectin pathways are part of the complement activation system.

28
Q

What is the alternative pathway in the complement system?

A

The alternative pathway is another mechanism for activating the complement system.

29
Q

What does C8 do in the complement system?

A

C8 initiates the formation of the membrane attack complex.

30
Q

What is the role of calcium in the complement system?

A

Calcium is involved in the polymerization and competition in the complement activation.

31
Q

What is the role of complement in the immune system?

A

Complement promotes opsonization and lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes.

32
Q

What can chronic activation of the complement system lead to?

A

Chronic activation can lead to inflammation and tissue damage.

33
Q

What is the order of discovery for complement components?

A

C123456789

34
Q

What is the order of activation for complement components?

A

C142356789

35
Q

Initiate pore formation

A

C8

36
Q

polymerize and complete lyse

A

C9

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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