29th Page Flashcards
What are the markers for Hepatitis B?
HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs
No exposure/ Candidate for immunization
All negative in HBsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBs
Infected early stage
HBsAg- pos
Anti-HBc- neg
Anti-HBs-neg
Acute/Chronic
HBsAg- pos
Anti-HBc- pos
Anti-HBs- neg
Window phase
HBsAg- neg
Anti-HBc- pos
Anti-HBs- neg
Immune bec. of vaccination
HBsAg- neg
Anti-HBc- neg
Anti-HBs- pos
Immune bec. of infection
HBsAg- neg
Anti-HBc-pos
Anti-HBs- pos
What is the average incubation period for Hepatitis C (HCV)?
15-150 days
What percentage of chronic hepatitis occurs in Hepatitis C?
40-60%
What is the mortality rate for Hepatitis C?
0.5-1.0%
What tests are used to detect current Hepatitis C infection?
HCV RNA for confirmation
What does a nonreactive NAT suggest?
A past HCV infection or false-positive antibody test result.
monitor effectiveness of therapy and determine HCV genotype
HCV RNA Viral Load
family of HCV
Flaviviridae
Non-A Non-B Hepatitis
Post-transfusion hepatitis
HCV
MOT of HCV
Sexual
Parenteral
Perinatal/vertical
Blood transfusion
Hepatitis D (HDV) requires what?
HBV for its replication.
What are the markers for Hepatitis D?
Anti-HDV IgM
Anti-HDV IgG
HDV RNA
C-infection
super infection
chronic infection
What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis E (HEV)?
Fecal-oral; mostly through contaminated drinking water.
What is the mortality rate of Hepatitis E in pregnant women?
20% to 25% due to obstetric complications.
What are the markers for Hepatitis E?
IgM Anti-HEV
IgG Anti-HEV
HEV RNA
What is the mode of transmission for Hepatitis G (HGV)?
BT
Blood-borne route
Tansplacental (rarely).
Molecular Assays quantitative
performed RT-PCR, real-time PCR, or bDNA ampflication
monitor amount of HCV RNA viral load
Molecular Assays qualitative
Detect presence or absence of HCV RNA
Confirm infection HCV Ab-pos
Detect infection in Ab-neg
Screen blood and organ donors
Detect perinatal infections in babies born to HCV-pos
Delta hepatitis, ssRNA (Delta Ag), spherical in shape
HDV
A defective virus
requires obligatory helper functions from HBV to ensure replication and infectivity.
HDV
HBV provides HDV with a protein coat of ?
HBsAg
Primarily transmitted by _______ means and is commonly severe
parenteral
SIMULTANEOUS infection of HDV with HBV,
Coinfection
additional HDV infection in patients with chronic HBV infection
Superinfection
without chronic infection
Coinfection
with chronic infection
Superinfection
Elevated in acute phase
Anti-HDV IgM
Produced in the convalescence phase
Anti-HDV IgG
Active HDV infection
HDV RNA
May be used to monitor effectiveness of therapy
HDV RNA
Used to confirm a positive HDV antibody screen
HDV RNA
Presence of IgM anti-HDV + HBsAg + IgM anti-HBc
Co-infection
Absence of IgM anti-HBc + Positive anti-HDC + IgG Anti-HBc
Superinfection
Presence of anti-HD
Chronic infection
Family of HEPATITIS E (HEV)
Calciviridae (ssRNA)
Calciviridae (ssRNA) in HEV reclassified to
Hepeviridae
Presents as an acute, self-limiting hepatitis without progression to chronic state
HEV
Current/new hepatitis E infection
NM
IgM Anti-HEV
Current/former hepatitis E infection
FG
IgG Anti-HEV
detect px in the later stages of infection; determine past exposure
IgG Anti-HEV
identify seroprevalence of the infection in a population
IgG Anti-HEV
Current hepatitis E infection
HEV RNA
nucleic acid can be performed by realtime PCR or a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (LAMP)
HEV RNA
can be detected just before clinical symptoms.
HEV RNA
becomes undetectable in the blood about 3 weeks after symptom onset; in the stool, it becomes undetectable at about 5 weeks.
HEV RNA
A negative result for does not exclude the possibility of a recent infection
HEV RNA
2 independent viruses in HGV
HGV and GBV-C
Family of HGV
Flaviviridae (ssRNA)
