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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 26th Page > Flashcards

26th Page Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

What were the previous names for Syphilis?

A

“Great rox” or “Evil Pox”

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3
Q

Why is Syphilis often referred to as “the Great imitator”?

A

It mimics other diseases or conditions.

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4
Q

Does Syphilis have a natural reservoir in the environment?

A

No, it requires a living host.

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5
Q

What is the shape and motility of Treponema pallidum?

A

Spiral shaped (8-24 coils) and motile due to peri-plasmic endoflagella.

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6
Q

What are the modes of transmission (MOT) for Syphilis?

A

Sexual contact, direct blood transmission, transplacental route.

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7
Q

What is the Columbian theory regarding Syphilis?

A

Syphilis was transmitted from the New World (America) to the Old World (Europe) by Christopher Columbus and his crew.

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8
Q

What are other Treponema-associated diseases in humans?

A

T. pallidum subsp. pertenue (Yaws),
T. pallidum subsp. endemicum (Bejel),
T. carateum (Pinto),
T. cuniculi (Rabbit).

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9
Q

What is the Wassermann test?

A

The first diagnostic blood test based on the principle of complement fixation.

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10
Q

What characterizes Primary Syphilis?

A

Hard Chancre (painless and firm).

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11
Q

What characterizes Secondary Syphilis?

A

Condylomata lata

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12
Q

wart-like lesions in moist areas of the body.

A

Condylomata lata

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13
Q

What is the lab diagnosis for Primary Syphilis?

A

Dark field microscopy.

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14
Q

What is the lab diagnosis for Secondary Syphilis?

A

Dark field microscopy.
Serologic test for syphilis.

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15
Q

What occurs during the Latent stage of Syphilis?

A

Absence of clinical symptoms

Patients are noninfectious, except for pregnant women who can pass the disease to the fetus.

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16
Q

What are Gummas in Tertiary Syphilis?

A

Localized areas of granulomatous inflammation found on bones, skin, or subcutaneous tissue.

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17
Q

What is key to the identification of Treponema pallidum?

A

Observation of motility (Corkscrew)

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18
Q

What stain is used for identifying Treponema pallidum?

A

Nigrosin Black.

19
Q

Why must specimens be examined quickly in Syphilis diagnosis?

A

To prevent them from drying out.

20
Q

What can cause false-negative results in Syphilis testing?

A

Delay in evaluating the slides, insufficient specimen, or pretreatment with antibiotics.

21
Q

What is the direct examination method for diagnosing syphilis?

A

_____________ microscopy or fluorescent antibody testing of sample.

22
Q

What is the purpose of non-treponemal serological tests?

A

To detect Reagin; it is a screening test only, not diagnostic.

23
Q

What are non-treponemal tests based on?

A

Flocculation reactions - patient Ab complexes with the cardiolipin Ag.

24
Q

What is Reagin?

A

An antibody formed against cardiolipin.

25
Q

What diseases can Reagin be found in?

A

Found in sera of patients with syphilis as well as other diseases.

26
Q

What are some examples of non-treponemal tests?

A

RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
TRUST (Toluidine Red Unheated Serum Test)
USR (Unheated Serum Reagin)
RST (Reagin Screen Test).

27
Q

What is the purpose of specific treponemal antibody tests?

A

To detect Ab against T. pallidum; it is a confirmatory test for a positive reagin test.

28
Q

Both a qualitative and quantitative slide flocculation test for serum and CSF.

A

VDRL

29
Q

What does the antigen/reagent for VDRL consist of?

A

0.03% Cardiolipin
0.9% Cholesterol
0.21% Lecithin.

30
Q

What is the specimen requirement for VDRL?

A

50 µL or 0.05 mL serum heated at 56 °C for 30 minutes to inactivate complements.

31
Q

What is the reinactivation process for serum in VDRL?

A

Serum is heated at 56°C for 10 minutes if the interval between testing and inactivation is more than 4 hours.

32
Q

RPR?

A

A modified VDRL test involving macroscopic examination of flocculation.

33
Q

What does the antigen/reagent for RPR consist of?

A

Cardiolipin
cholesterol
lecithin

additional:
EDTA
Thimerosal
choline chloride.

34
Q

What is the specimen requirement for RPR?

A

50 µL or 0.05 mL serum (no heat-inactivation).

35
Q

What is the time and speed of the rotator for VDRL serum?

A

180 RPM (4 mins) with a diameter of 14mm

36
Q

What is the time and speed of the rotator for VDRL CSF?

A

180 RPM (8 mins) with a diameter of 16 mm

37
Q

What is the time and speed of the rotator for RPR?

A

100 RPM (8 mins) with diameter of 18 (????) mm

38
Q

In VDRL flocculation is examined through

A

microscopically

39
Q

In VDRL, it uses slides with ceramic rings

A

TRUE

40
Q

does it use plastic card in RPR

A

YES

41
Q

prevents oxidation of lipid in RPR

A

EDTA

42
Q

Preservative in RPR

A

Thimerosal

43
Q

Inactivate the complement and stabilize the antigen

A

Choline chloride

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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