30th Page Flashcards
What virus causes chickenpox, herpes, zoster and shingles? CHZS
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
How is VZV definitively diagnosed?
By identifying VZV or its products in skin lesions, tissue, or vesicular fluids.
What are Tzanck cells?
Microscopic
Multinucleated giant cells observed in a Tzanck cells.
What is the most accurate and sensitive method for detecting VZV infection?
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
What is the gold standard for detecting VZV antibodies?
FAMA (Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen)
Most commonly used method to detect VZV antibodies?
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
What virus causes German measles/ 3 day measles?
Rubella
What congenital syndrome is associated with rubella?
CDE MM
cardiac abnormalities
deafness
eye defects (cataracts and glaucoma)
mental retardation
motor disabilities.
What is the standard technique for detecting rubella antibodies?
Hemagglutination inhibition
What level of rubella-specific IgG antibodies is considered protective?
10 - 15 IU/mL
What should be done if cytopathic effect (CPE) is absent during rubella culture?
Use RT-PCR to detect viral nucleic acids in the absence
OR
IFA or EIA to detect viral ptoteins
most commonly used method in Rubella
ELISA
What virus causes measles?
Rubella
Rubella-specific IgG antibodies is the result of
Natural infection/immunization
Rubeola positive
Koplik’s spots on the mucous membranes of the inner cheeks or lips
How is rubeola diagnosed?
By the presence of Rubeola-specific IgM antibodies or a four-fold rise in IgG titers between serums after the onset of rash and 1-3 days later
Rubeola causes what?
Measles
What serological test is most commonly used for rubeola?
ELISA
Other serological tests used in Rubeola
HIMPC
Hemagglutination inhibition
IFA
Microneutralization
Plaque reduction neutralization
Complement fixation
What virus causes mumps?
SS-RNA
Family and genus of mumps
PR
Family Paramyxoviridae
genus Rubulavirus
What is the most common manifestation of mumps?
Parotitis
What is the gold standard for diagnosing acute mumps infection?
Viral culture
What is the preferred specimen for mumps viral culture?
BS
Buccal swab or saliva collected within 3-5 days of symptom onset.
ELISA
commonly used method to detect mumps
What virus infects CD4+ T cells and can also infect CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages
Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)
What are the modes of transmission for HTLV?
BSM
Blood-borne
Sexual contact
Mother-to-child (mainly through breastfeeding).
What diseases are associated with HTLV-1?
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)
HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
What is the screening method for blood donors for HTLV?
ELISA
What is the confirmatory test for HTLV?
Western Blot
MOT of mumps
RSF
respiratory droplets
saliva
fomites (replicates of nasopharaynx and regional lymph nodes)
