30th Page

Question 1

What virus causes chickenpox, herpes, zoster and shingles? CHZS

Answer 1

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Question 2

How is VZV definitively diagnosed?

Answer 2

By identifying VZV or its products in skin lesions, tissue, or vesicular fluids.

Question 3

What are Tzanck cells?

Answer 3

Microscopic

Multinucleated giant cells observed in a Tzanck cells.

Question 4

What is the most accurate and sensitive method for detecting VZV infection?

Answer 4

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Question 5

What is the gold standard for detecting VZV antibodies?

Answer 5

FAMA (Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen)

Question 6

Most commonly used method to detect VZV antibodies?

Answer 6

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Question 7

What virus causes German measles/ 3 day measles?

Answer 7

Rubella

Question 8

What congenital syndrome is associated with rubella?

CDE MM

Answer 8

cardiac abnormalities
deafness
eye defects (cataracts and glaucoma)
mental retardation
motor disabilities.

Question 9

What is the standard technique for detecting rubella antibodies?

Answer 9

Hemagglutination inhibition

Question 10

What level of rubella-specific IgG antibodies is considered protective?

Answer 10

10 - 15 IU/mL

Question 11

What should be done if cytopathic effect (CPE) is absent during rubella culture?

Answer 11

Use RT-PCR to detect viral nucleic acids in the absence

OR

IFA or EIA to detect viral ptoteins

Question 12

most commonly used method in Rubella

Answer 12

ELISA

Question 13

What virus causes measles?

Answer 13

Rubella

Question 14

Rubella-specific IgG antibodies is the result of

Answer 14

Natural infection/immunization

Question 15

Rubeola positive

Answer 15

Koplik’s spots on the mucous membranes of the inner cheeks or lips

Question 16

How is rubeola diagnosed?

Answer 16

By the presence of Rubeola-specific IgM antibodies or a four-fold rise in IgG titers between serums after the onset of rash and 1-3 days later

Question 17

Rubeola causes what?

Answer 17

Measles

Question 18

What serological test is most commonly used for rubeola?

Answer 18

ELISA

Question 19

Other serological tests used in Rubeola

HIMPC

Answer 19

Hemagglutination inhibition
IFA
Microneutralization
Plaque reduction neutralization
Complement fixation

Question 20

What virus causes mumps?

Answer 20

SS-RNA

Question 21

Family and genus of mumps

PR

Answer 21

Family Paramyxoviridae

genus Rubulavirus

Question 22

What is the most common manifestation of mumps?

Answer 22

Parotitis

Question 23

What is the gold standard for diagnosing acute mumps infection?

Answer 23

Viral culture

Question 24

What is the preferred specimen for mumps viral culture?

BS

Answer 24

Buccal swab or saliva collected within 3-5 days of symptom onset.

Question 25

ELISA

Answer 25

commonly used method to detect mumps

Question 26

What virus infects CD4+ T cells and can also infect CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages

Answer 26

Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)

Question 27

What are the modes of transmission for HTLV?

BSM

Answer 27

Blood-borne
Sexual contact
Mother-to-child (mainly through breastfeeding).

Question 28

What diseases are associated with HTLV-1?

Answer 28

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL)

HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Question 29

What is the screening method for blood donors for HTLV?

Answer 29

ELISA

Question 30

What is the confirmatory test for HTLV?

Answer 30

Western Blot

Question 31

MOT of mumps

RSF

Answer 31

respiratory droplets
saliva
fomites (replicates of nasopharaynx and regional lymph nodes)