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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 17th Page > Flashcards

17th Page Flashcards

1
Q

What are pro-inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL1

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2
Q

What is the source of IL-1?

A

Monocyte, macrophage, dendritic

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3
Q

What is the source of IL-2?

A

T helper cells.

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4
Q

What is the source of IL-3?

A

Activated T cells.

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5
Q

What is the source of IL-5?

A

Th2 cells and mast cells.

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6
Q

What is the source of IL-8?

A

Macrophages and endothelia.

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7
Q

What is the source of TNF-a?

A

Macrophages and NK cells.

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8
Q

What is the source of TNF-B?

A

T cells.

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9
Q

What is the source of Type 1 IFN?

A

Dendritic cells.

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10
Q

What is the source of Type 2 IFN?

A

T cells and NK cells.

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11
Q

What is the source of TGF-B?

A

T cells (Tregs), macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.

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12
Q

Function: to kill cytokine (CD25)

A

IL2

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13
Q

Function: Tree of Life cytokine (HSC)

A

IL3

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14
Q

Function: Eosinophil activating cytokine?

A

IL5

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15
Q

Function: neutrophil chemotactic factor?

A

IL8

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16
Q

What is cachectin?

A

Also known as TNF-a, it is a major stimulus for TNF-a production.

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17
Q

Lipopolysaccharide found in gram-negative

A

TNF-a

18
Q

What happens with higher levels of TNF-a secretion?

A

It can lead to septic shock.

19
Q

What is lymphotoxin?

A

Another name for TNF-B

20
Q

involved in killing and endothelial activation

A

TNF-B

21
Q

Type 1 IFNs

A

They induce proteins and pathways that directly interfere with viral replication and cell division.

22
Q

What is IFN-alpha?

A

Leukocyte interferon, secreted by leukocytes.

23
Q

What is IFN-beta?

A

Fibroblast IFN or Epithelial cell IFN, secreted by fibroblasts.

24
Q

What do IFN-alpha and IFN-beta inhibit?

A

Viral replication.

25
Q

Most potent activator of macrophages and boosts their tumoricidal activity

A

Type 2 IFN

26
Q

TGF-Beta

A

primary regulator of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and the inflammatory response.

27
Q

A factor that induces antiproliferative activity of cells

A

TGF-Beta

28
Q

How does TGF-Beta affect IL-12 and IFN-gamma?

A

It blocks the production of IL-12 and inhibits the induction of IFN-gamma.

29
Q

Recognized as important in oral tolerance to bacteria normally found in the mouth.

A

TGF-Beta

30
Q

hypersensitivity reactions

A

Heightened state of immune responsiveness;

31
Q
A
31
Q

an exaggerated response to a harmless antigen that results in injury to the tissue, disease, or even death.

A

hypersensitivity reactions

32
Q

How many types of hypersensitivity reactions are there?

A

Four different categories (Types I, II, III, IV).

33
Q

What is Type I hypersensitivity?

A

Anaphylactic reaction mediated by IgE and the release of mediators like histamine from basophils/mast cells.

34
Q

What are examples of Type I hypersensitivity?

A

Asthma, food allergies, hay fever, pollen, animal dander, house dust mites, drugs (e.g., Penicillin), rhinitis, latex allergy, insect (bee) stings, anaphylaxis, atomic dermatitis

35
Q

What is Type II hypersensitivity?

A

Cytotoxic reaction involving antibody (IgG/IgM) and complement, leading to cell lysis.

36
Q

What are examples of Type II hypersensitivity?

A

Transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), Grave’s disease, Goodpasture’s syndrome, myasthenia gravis.

37
Q

What is Type III hypersensitivity?

A

Immune complex reaction characterized by the deposition of immune complexes in host tissues.

Immune mediator: IgM/IgG

There is complement activation

38
Q

What are examples of Type III hypersensitivity?

A

Serum sickness, Arthus reaction, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis associated in SLE, neoplastic diseases.

39
Q

What is Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Delayed or cell-mediated reaction involving the release of lymphokines from sensitized T cells.

Immune mediator: T cells

40
Q

What are examples of Type IV hypersensitivity?

A

Contact dermatitis (poison ivy, nickel, mercury, copper, rubber, formaldehyde, hair dyes, sunscreen agents, disinfectants, perfumes, pesticides),

tuberculin/PPD test, pneumonitis, Mantoux test, anergy skin test, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (farmer’s lung), Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

41
Q

What was the allergic reaction noted in the MT?

A

The MT showed an allergic reaction after using gloves, and it was found that the MT is positive for patch testing. Type IV

Patch testing - confirmatory test for dermatitis

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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