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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 20th Page > Flashcards

20th Page Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor marker for Hepatic CARCINOMA, testicular cancers, germ cell cancers

A

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Associated with hepatic carcinoma, testicular cancers, and germ cell cancers.

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2
Q

Tumor marker for Lung cancer, CYFRA 21-1(Cytokeratin 19 Fragment 21-1)

A

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

G6T -N, ALP = Bone.

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3
Q

Tumor marker for Pancreatic cancer

A

Amylase

Elevated in pancreatic cancer.

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4
Q

Tumor marker for Multiple Myeloma

A

BJP (Bence Jones proteins)

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5
Q

What does BRCA-1 indicate?

A

breast and ovarian cancer.

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6
Q

What does CA 125 indicate?

A

ovarian cancer.

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7
Q

CA15-3
CA27-29
Cathepsin D
Estrogen receptor

A

breast cancer

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8
Q

What does CA 19-9 indicate?

A

pancreatic cancer, gastric, colorectal cancer

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9
Q

What does CA 50 indicate?

A

pancreatic cancer, gastric

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10
Q

Tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer

A

Calcitonin

Associated with colorectal, stomach, breast, and lung cancer.

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11
Q

Tumor marker for colorectal, stomach, breast, lung cancer

A

CEA

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12
Q

Tumor marker for small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer

A

CK-1

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13
Q

Tumor marker for hepatoma

A

GGT

Elevated in liver diseases.

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14
Q

What does HER-2/Neu indicate?

A

breast cancer (efficiency of trastuzumab or herceptin therapy)

Indicates efficiency of trastuzumab or Herceptin therapy.

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15
Q

tumor marker Nuclear matrix protein (NMP) is for

A

urinary bladder cancer

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16
Q

Tumor marker for prostate cancer

A

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), ACP

Associated with prostate cancer.

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17
Q

Tumor marker for Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer (Henry’s)

A

CFRA-21-1

Associated with prostate cancer.

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18
Q

burkitt lymphoma
hodgin lymphoma
leiomyosarcomas
post-transplant lymphoproliferative dse
nasophryngeal carcinoma

A

Epstein-Barr Virus

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19
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma

A

HBV and HCV

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20
Q

Cervical cancer
genital and anal cancers
head and neck cancer

A

HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

21
Q

What does HBV stand for?

A

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

22
Q

What does HCV stand for?

A

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.

23
Q

What virus is associated with Kaposi sarcoma?

A

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi sarcoma.

24
Q

What does HPV stand for?

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Associated with cervical, genital, and anal cancers.

25
Q

What cancers are associated with HTLV-1?

A

adult T-cell leukemia or lymphoma.

26
Q

What cancers are associated with HTLV-2?

A

hairy cell leukemia.

27
Q

What is Merkel cell carcinoma?

A

skin cancer associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus.

28
Q

What is the most likely source of infection in serological testing?

A

contact with patient specimens.

29
Q

What are Universal Precautions?

A

instituted by the CDC in 1985 to protect health-care workers from exposure to blood-borne pathogens, primarily hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV.

30
Q

What is Body Substance Isolation (BSI)?

A

modification of universal precautions that is not limited to bloodborne pathogens and considers all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious.

31
Q

What is a disadvantage of Body Substance Isolation (BSI)?

A

it does not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamination is present.

32
Q

What are Standard Precautions?

A

The major features of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation have now been combined

33
Q

What is the ultimate goal of biological safety?

A

prevent completion of the chain by preventing transmission.

34
Q

What is a Reservoir in the context of infectious agents?

A

Where infectious agent can live and multiply, such as a contaminated clinical specimen or an infected patient (e.g., body fluids, fomites).

35
Q

What is the most frequently encountered specimen in immunological testing?

A

Serum

36
Q

How should serum be handled if testing cannot be performed immediately?

A

Serum may be stored between 2 - 8 °C for up to 3 days

37
Q

serum should be promptly separated for how many mins without transferring any cellular elements

A
38
Q

What should be done if testing cannot be done within 72 hours?

A

serum should be frozen at -20 °C.

39
Q

How should biological waste be disposed of?

A

All biological waste, except urine, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the biohazard symbol.

40
Q

What does OSHA require for chemicals and reagents containing hazardous ingredients?

A

if its concentration is greater than 1%, must have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) on file in the work area.

41
Q

What must be available for reference in the immunology section of the laboratory (CLSI guidelines)?

A

A procedure manual (paper or digital) containing all the procedures performed in the immunology section of the laboratory must be available for reference in the working area.

42
Q

What does Quality Control refer to?

A

materials, procedures, and techniques that monitor the accuracy, precision, and reliability.

43
Q

What are External Controls?

A

used to verify the accuracy and precision of a test. The control material is exposed to the same conditions as the patient samples.

44
Q

What are Internal Controls?

A

also called procedural controls, consist of internal monitoring systems built into the test system.

45
Q

What are Electronic Controls?

A

use a mechanical or electrical device in place of a liquid specimen. This type of QC can be an internal or an external component inserted into a point-of-care (POC) instrument.

46
Q

What does Personnel Assessment include?

A

includes education and training, continuing education, competency assessment, and performance appraisals.

47
Q

What is the most common method for reporting results?

A

Electronic transmission

48
Q

HTLV-3

A

Previous HIV

49
Q

Internal controls

A

Monitor the sufficient addition of a px spx or reagent, the instrument and reagent interaction and for lateral flow test methods, whether sample migrated through test strip properly

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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