23 Page

Question 1

Radial Immunodiffusion?

Answer 1

antibodies are uniformly distributed in a support gel, and antigens are applied to a well cut into the gel.

Question 2

What happens as the antigen diffuses out from the well in Radial Immunodiffusion?

Answer 2

Antigen-antibody combination occurs in changing proportions until the zone of equivalence is reached, forming a stable lattice network in the gel.

Question 3

How is antigen concentration determined in Radial Immunodiffusion?

Answer 3

The area of the ring obtained is proportional to the antigen concentration, compared with a standard curve using antigens of known concentration.

Question 4

What is the END POINT in the Mancini method?

Answer 4

The antigen is allowed to diffuse to completion, and when equivalence is reached, there is no further change in ring diameter.

Question 5

MANCINI

Answer 5

ENDPOINT

Question 6

Fahey and McKelvey

Answer 6

KINETIC

Question 7

What is the reading time for IgG in the Mancini method?

Answer 7

24 hours.

Question 8

What is the KINETIC method in Fahey and McKelvey?

Answer 8

Measurements are taken before the point of equivalence is reached, and the antigen is not allowed to diffuse completely.

Question 9

What is the reading time for IgM in the KINETIC method?

Answer 9

50-72 hours (2-3 days).

Question 10

How is the antigen concentration calculated in Radial Immunodiffusion?

Answer 10

d2=Ag conc.
The square of the diameter is directly proportional to the concentration of the antigen.

Question 11

What type of graph is plotted in Mancini method?

Answer 11

A graph is plotted with concentrations of standards on the x-axis versus the diameter squared on the y-axis.

Question 12

What is Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 12

A qualitative gel precipitation technique where both antigen and antibody diffuse from wells cut in the gel.

Question 13

What does the pattern obtained in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion indicate?

Answer 13

Whether or not the antigens are identical.

Question 14

How are the wells arranged in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 14

Plates are set up with a central well surrounded by four to six equidistant outer wells.

Question 15

What is placed in the central well of Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 15

A multispecific antibody.

Question 16

What is the incubation period for Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 16

Between 12-48 hours in a moist chamber.

Question 17

What do precipitin lines in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion indicate?

Answer 17

They form where the moving front of antigen meets that of antibody at the point of equivalence.

Question 18

What are some uses of Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 18

To identify fungi such as Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Candida.

Question 19

Serological Identity/ Line of identity/ Line of fusion in Ouchterlony Double Diffusion?

Answer 19

The two antigens are identical.

Question 20

Line of partial intersection/ Partial identity indicate?

Answer 20

The antigens share a common epitope.

Question 21

Line of non-identity/Line of intersection indicate?

Answer 21

The antigens share no identical determinants/not the same

Question 22

Formation of smooth curve/arc

Answer 22

Serological identity

Question 23

Partial identity

Answer 23

Formation of spur

Question 24

What is Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 24

A combination of radial immunodiffusion (RID) and electrophoresis.

Developed by Laurell.

Question 25

Distribution in Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 25

The antibody is distributed in the gel, and the height of the rocket corresponds to the amount of antigen in the sample.

Question 26

height of the rocket

Answer 26

equals to amount of Ag in sample

Question 27

rocket immunoelectrophoresis is developed by

Answer 27

Laurell

Question 28

one-dimension electroimmunodiffusion

Answer 28

rocket immunoelectrophoresis

Question 29

What is the arrangement of samples in Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 29

Standards are in wells 1 to 3
Patient samples are in wells 4 to 6.

Well 4-no Ag, no ring is formed
Well 5-low conc.
Well 6-high conc.

Well 4 contains no antigen, Well 5 has a low concentration of antigen, and Well 6 has a high concentration of antigen.

Question 30

Immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 30

combines protein electrophoresis and immunodiffusion.

Question 31

How is the antigen and antibody arranged in Immunoelectrophoresis?

Answer 31

The antigen is placed in a well and electrophoresed, while the antibody is placed in a trough parallel to the separated proteins.

Question 32

What does an abnormal contour of the precipitin arc indicate?

Answer 32

monoclonal gammopathy.

Question 33

What is the purpose of Serum IEP?

Answer 33

For the detection of monoclonal gammopathy.

Question 34

Urine IEP?

Answer 34

Bence Jones protein.

Question 35

What is Immunofixation Electrophoresis?

Answer 35

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation.

Question 36

How is the specimen processed in Immunofixation Electrophoresis?

Answer 36

The specimen is electrophoresed at 6 positions, and monospecific antisera is layered on each position.

Question 37

What types of antibodies are included in Immunofixation Electrophoresis (monospecific antisera)?

Answer 37

Antibodies to gamma, alpha, mu (heavy chains), and kappa, lambda (light chains).

GAM
KL

Question 38

What is the outcome of Immunofixation Electrophoresis?

Answer 38

Ag-Ab complexes form, are washed, and stained to visualize the results.

Question 39

What is the use of Immunofixation Electrophoresis?

Answer 39

Used to identify heavy and light chains involved in monoclonal gammopathies.