Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 31st Page > Flashcards

31st Page Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What virus causes AIDS?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

HIV infects primarily T-cells by binding to CD4 and several co-receptors (CXCR4, CCR5).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the family and genus of HIV?

RL

A

Family: Retroviridae, Genus: Lentiviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the hallmark of AIDS?

A

CD4 count < 200 cells/uL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When and where was HIV-1 identified? (US)

A

Identified in 1983 by Luc Montagnier’s Laboratory in France from lymph node biopsy specimens of patients with lymphadenopathy associated with AIDS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HIV infects primarily T cells by binding to CD4 and several co-receptors:

A

CXCR4, CCR5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were the previous names of HIV-1?

LHA

A

LAV (Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus)
HTLV-III (Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus)
ARV (AIDS-associated Retrovirus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was HIV-2 discovered and by whom?

A

Discovered in 1986 by a team of researchers led by Dr. Luc Montagnier in Africa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does HIV-2 compare to HIV-1?

A

HIV-2 is less pathogenic, has lower transmission rates, but shares the same MOT as HIV-1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of the HIV virus?

A

The HIV virus has 72 knob-like spikes and includes components such as Env, Gag, Pol, and Envelope (protein coat).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major HIV genes? (8),

A

gag
env
pol
tat
rev
vif
nef
vpu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the protein products of the gag gene?

A

p7,p,9,p17,p24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the protein products of the env gene?

A

gp120, gp41

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the protein products of the pol gene?

A

p10,p31,p51,p66

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the protein products of the tat

A

transactivates transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the protein products of rev

A

production of viral RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the protein products of vif

A

Infectivity factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the protein products of nef

A

Unknown regulatory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the protein products of the vpu

A

Maturation of viral particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of p17?

A

Inner surface envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of p24?

A

Inner coat for nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of p9?

A

Core-binding protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of p7?

R

A

Binds to genomic RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of gp120?

T

A

Binds to CD4 on T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of gp41?

A

Transmembrane protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the function of p51 and p66?
Subunit of reverse transcriptase
26
What is the function of p31 I
integrase
27
What is the function of p10 P
protease
28
What is the function of p14 TT
transactivates transcription
29
What is the function of p19 R
production of viral RNA
30
What is the function of p23 IF
infectivity factor
31
What is the function of p27
unknown regulatory function
32
What is the function of p16 VP
maturation of viral proteins
33
What is the first step in HIV viral replication?
ATTACHMENT gp120 binds to the CD4 antigen (receptor) * main target: T helper cells (they express high numbers of CD4)
34
* Mediated by binding of coreceptors * Chemokine receptors direct WBCs to the site of inflammation
Entry or Penetration
35
required for entry of HIV into T lymph
CXCR4
36
Present in Entry of Penetration
CXCR4 CCR5 CCR2
37
* "flu-like" or IM-like symptoms
Primary infection
38
* Acute retroviral syndrome may develop
Primary infection
39
* Rapid burst of viral replication (viremia)
Primary infection
40
* HIV disseminates in lymphoid organs
Primary infection
41
What occurs during the clinical latency stage of HIV? DAV
* Decrease viremia * Absence of clinical symptoms * Virus still in plasma (in little amount) where it causes a gradual deterioration of immune system
42
* Absence of clinical symptoms
Clinical latency
42
* Decrease viremia
Clinical latency
43
* Profound immunosuppression
AIDS
44
* Resurgence of viremia
AIDS
45
* Life-threatening infection and malignancies
AIDS
46
* About 10yrs after infection
AIDS
47
* CD4 = <200/uL
AIDS
48
What is HAART?
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, a multidrug regimen that includes 2 or 3 drug classes.
49
Name a type of NRTI used in HIV treatment.
Zidovudine (ZDV) ## Footnote Other examples include Lamivudine (3TC) and Abacavir (ABC).
50
What are some opportunistic infections associated with HIV?
Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) Cryptosporidiosis Tuberculosis Kaposi's sarcoma (HHBA cause this)
51
What are the steps in the HIV testing process?
1. Counseling 2. Laboratory testing 3. HACT informs patient of the result.
52
What does a reactive HIV test result indicate?
Enroll for treatment.
53
What does NR mean in the context of HIV testing?
Not reactive; repeat the test after 3 months.
54
They are needed for entry to macrophages in HIV replication
CCR5 CCR2
55
The viral nucleic acid escapes from the capsid
Uncoating
56
The pro-virus is integrated into the host's genome and is copied along with the cells DNA
Biosynthesis
57
All the newly formed protein will be gathered to form new capsid
Assembly
58
* As the virions bud from the cell membrane, host cells may be destroyed by lysis. * Viral replication occurs to the greatest extent in antigen activated T helper cells.
Release
59
* 3 - 6 weeks after initial infection
Primary infection
60
Ziduvudine (ZDV) Azidothymidine (AZT) Lamivudine (3TC) Didanosine (ddI) Abacavir (ABC) Stavudine (d4T)
Nucleoside analog RT inhibitor ZALDAS
61
Delavirdine (DLV) Efaverenz (EFV) Nevirapine (NVP)
Non-nucleoside RT inhibitor DEN
62
Saquinavir (SQV) Indinavir (IDV) Ritonavir (RTV) Nelfinavir (NFV) Amprenavir (AMP) Lopinavir
Protease inhibitor SIRNAL

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions