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Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM > 3rd Page > Flashcards

3rd Page Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of Cellular Immunity?

A

Cell-mediated

Defense against Viral / Fungal infections (Intracellular) and Delayed Hypersensitivity.

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2
Q

What is the cell type in Cellular Immunity?

A

T cell/ Lymphokines

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3
Q

What is the mode of action of Cellular Immunity?

A

Direct cell-to-cell contact or secreted products (e.g. cytokine)

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4
Q

What are the purpose in Cellular Immunity?

A

Defense against Viral/Fungal infections (intracellular)

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5
Q

What are the remarks in Cellular Immunity?

A

Delayed Hypersensitivity

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6
Q

What are the steps in Cellular Immunity?

A
  1. Exposure to pathogen
  2. Pathogen enters a body cell.
  3. Ags of the pathogen are displayed on the infected cells.
  4. Phagocyte swallows and destroys the pathogen.
  5. Phagocyte displays the Ags of the pathogen.
  6. Inactivated T cell binds to the APCs.
  7. Proteins activate the T-cell and it divides into:
    • Memory T cell
    • Active Plasma T cell
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7
Q

Proteins activate the T-cell in cellular immunity and it divides into 2:

A
  • Memory T cell
  • Active Plasma T cell
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8
Q

What is the mechanism of Humoral Immunity?

A

Humoral-mediated

Defense against bacterial infections (Extracellular) and Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC).

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9
Q

What is the mode of action of Humoral Immunity?

A

Antibodies circulating in serum

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10
Q

What is the cell type in Humoral Immunity?

A

B cells / Plasma cells

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11
Q

What are the steps in Humoral Immunity?

A
  1. Exposure to pathogen
  2. Membrane-bound Abs of B Cell will bind to the pathogen.
  3. Pathogen engulfed by the B-cell and broken down.
  4. Ags on the pathogen displayed on the B-cell.
  5. Helper T cell binds to the Antigen-presenting B-cell.
  6. Proteins activate the B-cell.
  7. B-cell divides into:
    • Memory B cell
    • Active B cell
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12
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP

Response Time

A

6-10 hrs

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13
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A

Response Time

A

24 hrs

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14
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1 anti-trypsin

Response Time

A

24 hrs

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15
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: fibrinogen

Response Time

A

24 hrs

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16
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: haptoglobin

Response Time

A

24 hrs

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17
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: ceruloplasmin

Response Time

A

48-72 hrs

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18
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: C3

Response Time

A

48-72 hrs

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19
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP

Normal values

A

0.5 mg/dL

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20
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A

Normal values

A

3.0 mg/dL

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21
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1- anti-trypsin

Normal values

A

200-400 mg/dL

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22
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: fibrinogen

Normal values

A

110-400 mg/dL

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23
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: haptoglobin

Normal values

A

40-200 mg/dL

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24
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: ceruloplasmin

Normal values

A

20-40 mg/dL

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25
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: C3

Normal values

A

60-140 mg/dL

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26
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP

Increase

A

1000x

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27
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1 anti-trypsin

Increase

28
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Fibrinogen

Increase

29
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Haptoglobin

Increase

30
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Ceruloplasmin

Increase

31
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: C3

Increase

32
Q

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A

Increase

33
Q

What is the function of Alpha 1 anti-trypsin?

A

It acts as a protease inhibitor.

e.g. Clastase, Trypsin

34
Q

What is the function of CRP?

A

Opsonization, complement activation

35
Q

What is the function of fibrinogen?

A

It is involved in clot formation.

36
Q

What is the function of serum amyloid A?

A

removal of cholesterol

37
Q

What is the function of haptoglobin?

A

It binds hemoglobin.

38
Q

What is the function of C3?

A

Opsonization, lysis

39
Q

What is the function of ceruloplasmin?

A

It binds copper and oxidizes iron.

40
Q

What is the response time for CRP?

A

The response time is 6-10 hours.

41
Q

What is the response time for Serum Amyloid A?

A

The response time is 24 hours.

42
Q

What is the response time for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin?

A

The response time is 24 hours.

43
Q

What is the response time for fibrinogen?

A

The response time is 24 hours.

44
Q

What is the response time for haptoglobin?

A

The response time is 24 hours.

45
Q

What is the response time for ceruloplasmin?

A

The response time is 48-72 hours.

46
Q

What are the cells of the immune system in the innate category?

A

WBC in the peripheral blood: Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes. (NBEM)

Tissue cells: Macrophages, Mast cells, Dendritic cells. (MMD)

47
Q

What are the cells of the immune system in the adaptive category?

A

T cells and B cells.

48
Q

What components are involved in adaptive immunity?

A

Antibodies
B lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Effector T cells
T lymphocytes

49
Q

What components are involved in innate immunity?

A

Epithelial barriers
Phagocytes
NK cells, and ILCs
Dendritic cells
Mast cells
Microbe
Complement

50
Q

What is the time frame for the response of innate immunity?

51
Q

What is the purpose of Humoral Immunity?

A

Defense against bacterial infections (Extracellular)

52
Q

What is the remarks of Humoral Immunity?

A

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

53
Q

B-cell in Humoral Immunity divides into:

A
  • Memory B cell
    • Active B cell

Immunology And Serology BOARD EXAM (32 decks)

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