6.4 - Pharmacology Flashcards
Benzodiazepines
Indications
MOA
Adverse effects
Anti-anxiety medications
- Ex: Diazepam
Indications: Anxiety
MOA
- Facilitate binding of GABA (inhibitory neuron) to GABA receptors
Adverse Effects:
- SEDATION
- Tolerance & dependence
- GI discomfort
Decreased HR & RR
Barbiturates
Indications
Adverse effects
Indications: seizure disorders, anxiety, insomnia
Adverse effects:
- SEDATION
- Sleep
Antidepressants
What drugs are commonly used for antidepressants?
MOA
Adverse effects
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Tricyclics
Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors
MOA:
- Increase aminergic transmission
- Aminergic = dopamine, NE, serotonin
Adverse Effects:
- Tricyclics - sedation
- Monoamine - restlessness, CNS excitation, irritability, agitation
- SSRIs - insomnia
What drug may be used for Bipolar disorder?
Adverse effects
Lithium
Adverse effect: lithium retention –> seizures, coma, fatal episodes
What medication is commonly used for Parkinson disease?
MOA
Adverse effects
Levodopa
MOA:
- Converted to dopamine when it crosses the blood-brain barrier
Adverse Effects:
- Dyskinesia, athetoid movements
- TOLERANCE
What medications are commonly used for skeletal muscle relaxants?
Indications
Adverse effects
Indications: skeletal muscle spasms / tightness, spasticity
Meds:
- Cyclobenzaprine
- Baclofen
- Botulinum Toxin (localized injection)
Adverse effects:
- Cyclobenzaprine - tolerance, dependence, sedation
- Baclofen - drowsiness, fatigue, confusion
Opioids
Examples
Indications
Adverse effects
Ex:
- MORPHINE
- Fentanyl
- Oxycodone
- Hydrocodone
Indications: Severe pain
Adverse Effects:
- DEPENDENCE
- Tolerance
- Sedation
- DEPRESSED RESPIRATION
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Constipation, GI distress
What drug should be used if suspecting an opioid overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan)
NSAIDs
Examples
Indications
MOA
Adverse Effects
Examples:
- Aspirin (acetylsalicyclic acid)
- Ibuprofen
- COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib
Indications: mild to moderate pain
MOA:
- Inhibit prostaglandin, which initiates the inflammatory response
Adverse Effects
- GI problems
- GI ulcer
Acetaminophen
Brand name?
Comparison to NSAIDs
Adverse effects
Acetaminophen = Tylenol
Indications: mild to moderate pain; fever
Comparison:
- NO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS
- Less analgesic effect than NSAIDs
- No GI tract irritation
Adverse Effects:
- HEPATOTOXICITY
What medications are commonly used for RA?
NSAIDs - “first line of defense”
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate (DMARD)
Corticosteroids
Examples
Indications
Adverse Effects
Ex: Cortisone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone
Indications:
- Extremely effective anti-inflammatory agent
Adverse Effects:
- Long-term use –> Cushing’s syndrome
- Catabolic effect on muscle, tendon, bone
- HTN
- Diabetes
- Muscle wasting
DMARDs
Most common example
Indications
Adverse effects
Methotrexate
Indications: RA
Adverse Effects:
- Varies
- GI distress, n/v
What is Methotrexate sometimes referred to as?
“Gold therapy”
Diuretics
Examples
MOA
Adverse Effects
Ex:
- Lasix
- Diuril
- Aldactone
MOA: increase formation and excretion of urine
Adverse Effects:
- Hypovolemia
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Electrolyte imbalance