4.2 - PT Final Exam 1 Review (Section 2)

Question 1

Describe primary vs secondary lymphedema

Answer 1

Primary - caused by an inherited or congenital condition that causes a malformation of the lymphatics system

Secondary - caused after a trauma occurs to the lymph system

Question 2

What medications are commonly used to treat GERD?

Answer 2

Antacids (neutralize stomach acid)
Histamine 2 receptor blocker (decrease acid secretion)
Proton pump inhibitor

Question 3

Which position can be beneficial for GERD?

Answer 3

LEFT sidelying - lower esophagus curves to the L when it enters the stomach

Remaining upright

AVOID supine or bending over

Question 4

Describe the appropriate technique for performing manual lymphatic drainage

Answer 4

Begin at the proximal portion of the limb and then move to the distal portion

Starting at the distal end –> fluid has nowhere to go
Proximal portion must be cleared before distal portion can be moved

Question 5

Describe the crossed SLR test

Answer 5

SLR w/ contralateral limb –> symptoms on the involved side

(+) test indicates disc herniation

Question 6

Describe the function of cranial nerve XII

Answer 6

Hypoglossal nerve - Tongue movements

Question 7

Describe a Boutonniere vs Swan Neck Deformity

Answer 7

Boutonniere - MCP extension; PIP flexion; DIP extension

Swan Neck - MCP flexion; PIP hyperextension; DIP flexion

Question 8

What medical complication of hyperparathyroidism should we be aware of?

Answer 8

Osteopenia

Question 9

What is Grave’s disease?

Answer 9

Hyperthyroidism

Question 10

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

Answer 10

Hypercortisolism

Body is exposed to high levels of cortisol

Question 11

Should e-stim be used on the R shoulder in a patient with a pacemaker?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

Describe potential side effects with long-term corticosteroid use

Answer 12

Cushing’s syndrome
Avascular necrosis
Osteoporosis
Hypertension

Question 13

Describe a key component for treatment / management in patients w/ MS

Answer 13

Manage FATIGUE

Manage core body temperature
- Control environmental temperatures
- Cooling agents - AC, fans, cooling vests
- Heating agents should NOT be used

Question 14

Describe the different forms of MS

Answer 14

Primary progressive - steady functional decline & disease progression since onset

Progressive-Relapsing - steady functional decline and disease progression since onset w/ occasional acute attacks

Relapsing-remitting - attacks of neurological decline followed by full or partial recovery
(most common)

Secondary Progressive - relapsing-remitting that progresses to steady functional decline with or without continued attacks

Question 15

Describe the s/sx of a ruptured spleen

Answer 15

Pain in LUQ
L shoulder pain
Increased shoulder pain in supine w/ elevation of LEs (Kehr’s sign)

Internal bleeding - dizziness, lightheadedness, confusion, blurred vision, palor, etc.

Question 16

Describe the appropriate positioning for MMT of hip flexion

Answer 16

Seated w/ knee flexed to 90 deg

Question 17

What overflow muscles can be used to help facilitate strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles?

Answer 17

Adductors, glutes, & external rotators

Question 18

What should a therapist do if a second-degree type I AV block is present on an EKG during a graded exercise test?

Answer 18

Continue the test but check vital signs and ask if the patient is symptomatic

Question 19

What should a therapist do if a second-degree type II AV block is present on an EKG during a graded exercise test?

Answer 19

STOP exercise immediately & refer

Question 20

What should a therapist do if a third-degree AV block is present on an EKG during a graded exercise test?

Answer 20

STOP exercise & call EMS

Question 21

Describe the isolation precautions for each of the following conditions

C. difficile
Ebola
Rubella
Rubeola

Answer 21

C. diff - contact
Ebola - contact precautions (blood / bodily fluid transmission only)
Rubella (mumps) - droplet precautions (transmitted through large particle droplets)
Rubeola (measles) - airborne precautions (transmitted thru small airborne particles)

Question 22

What positioning should lumbar traction be performed in patients with a lumbar disc herniation w/ an extension preference?

Answer 22

Prone w/ spine in neutral

May not tolerate supine
Sidelying is not typically used for lumbar traction

Question 23

Should doughnut-type devices be used for pressure relief?

Answer 23

NO!

Can increase pressure on the areas of skin contacting the doughnut

Question 24

How can environmental factors influence the skin and increase risk of pressure injuries?

Answer 24

Low humidity + exposure to cold –> dry skin

Skin should be kept dry but moisturized

Question 25

7 month old female, which of the following reflexes is MOST likely to be present?

ATNR
STNR
Moro
Symmetrical tonic labyrinthine reflex

Answer 25

STNR

STNR - integrated between 8-12 months
ATNR - integrated between 4-6 months
Moro - integrated by 5-6 months
Symmetric tonic labyrinthine reflex - integrated at 6 months (flexion of limbs in prone; extension of limbs in supine)

Question 26

Define oscillopsia

Answer 26

objects in the field appear to oscillate (blurry, jump, jiggle)

A symptom of conditions that affect the eye’s ability to stabilize images, especially during movements

Question 27

Describe the s/sx of bilateral vestibular hypofunction

Answer 27

Sense of dysequillibrium
Oscillopsia
Gait instability

NO nystagmus or vertigo present (this requires on imbalance between ears)

Question 28

Describe the following research designs & rank their level of evidence

Case-control study
Cohort study
Cross-sectional study

Answer 28

Level of evidence (higher to lower)
a) Cohort
b) Case-control
c) Cross-sectional

Cohort - groups divided by shared characteristics (NOT the condition)
- retrospective or prospective
- Risk ratio

Case-control - groups divided by condition (you KNOW who has the disease and who doesn’t)
- Retrospective
- Odds ratio

Cross-sectional - comparing at one point in time