5.4 - PEAT Exam 1 (Section 4)

Question 1

Describe the clinical presentation of lateral medullary syndrome

Answer 1

Contralateral loss of pain and temperature

(Ipsilateral loss pain in the face)

Question 2

Describe the clinical presentation of medial medullary syndrome

Answer 2

Contralateral hemiparalysis

Question 3

Which assessment tool is most appropriate to use for an 8 yo child w/ CP?

Answer 3

Gross motor function measure (GMFM)

Question 4

Describe the clasp-knife response

Answer 4

Initial resistance when attempting passive movement of the extremity followed by a rapid decrease in resistance

“Clasp-knife” - a knife with a blade that folds into the handle

Question 5

What causes the clasp-knife response?

Answer 5

UMN damage –> prevents muscle inhibition –> increased muscle tone in response to stretch

Question 6

What causes cogwheel resistance to passive motion?

Answer 6

Lesions of the basal ganglia

Basal ganglia lesion –> cogwheel resistance of CONTRALATERAL limb

ex: seen in pts w/ Parkinson

Question 7

Which of the following injuries has the BEST prognosis for nonsurgical recovery?

Neurapraxia
Axonotmesis
Neurotmesis
Complete nerve severance

Answer 7

Neurapraxia
- Temporary blockage / damage that stops or slows conduction

Question 8

Why should therapists consider a patient’s insulin injection site when prescribing exercise?

Answer 8

If exercising the extremity of the injection site –> faster delivery into the bloodstream

Question 9

How long would head lag be expected during the pull-to-sit test?

Answer 9

From birth to 3 months

Question 10

During scoliosis screening, the forward bend evaluation is conducted to determine the presence of what clinical feature?

Answer 10

Vertebral rotation

Question 11

How is lateral deviation with scoliosis assessed?

Answer 11

Plumbline

Question 12

Describe how to assess upper abdominal strength

Answer 12

“Curl up test”
- Low back should be flat against the table prior to initiating the movement

Do NOT manually stabilize the pelvis or LEs (as this would increase hip flexor recruitment)

Question 13

What is the lingula of the lung?

Answer 13

Tongue shaped projection on the anterior portion of the superior lobe of the L lung

See google images. Even though it is on the superior lobe, the lingula projects very inferiorly

Question 14

Describe paradoxical breathing

Answer 14

Inward abdominal or chest wall movements with inspiration

Outward movement w/ expiration

Question 15

Describe the s/sx of a thrombosis that occludes the iliac vein

Answer 15

Posterior lower leg swelling
Pain or tenderness
Dilation of superficial veins
Pitting edema

NOT lower quadrant abdominal pain

Question 16

Which of the following conditions are malignant tumors of the connective tissue?

Fibroma and chondroma
Fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma
Papilloma and adenoma
Adenocarcinoma and basal cell carcinoma

Answer 16

Fibroscaroma & chondrosarcoma

Fibroma and chondroma - BENIGN tumors of connective tissue
Papilloma and adenoma - benign tumors of the epithelium / skin
Adenocarcinoma and basal cell carcinoma - malignant tumors of epithelium / skin

Question 17

Describe the function of dynamic splints

Answer 17

Spring / elastic-loaded

Provide low-load, long-duration stretch
- For joints w/ reduced ROM

Question 18

Describe what occurs during the compression (inflation) phase of intermittent pneumatic compression

Answer 18

Increased venous blood flow
Increased lymphatic flow
Increased interstitial pressure - forces fluid out of the interstitium into the lymphatic system
Reduced arterial blood flow

Question 19

Describe decorticate vs decerebrate rigidity / posturing

What does each indicate?

Answer 19

Decerebrate - sustained posturing in extension of the trunk & extremities
- Indicates damage of the corticospinal tract between the superior colliculus & vestibular nucleus

Decorticate - sustained flexion posture of the UEs & extension of the LEs
- Indicates a corticospinal tract lesion ABOVE the superior colliculus