4.1 - PT Final Exam 1 Review (Section 1) Flashcards
Describe the function of CN IV
Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye
Down & inward (adduction) eye movement; intorsion
of eye
Describe the “common triad” for clinical presentation of mitral valve prolapse
a) Profound fatigue
b) Palpitations
c) Dyspnea
63 yo F complains of chest muscle spasms, intermittent sternal pain that lasts several seconds & is sharp in naute. Symptoms occur frequently for a few weeks then disappear. PT can hear a “murmur” upon auscultation of the heart.
What is the likely cause of this patient’s symptoms?
Mitral valve prolapse
Grading Pulses
0: No palpable pulse
1+: Diminished
2+: Normal
3+: Bounding
Why would a posterior walker be used for a child w/ spastic diplegia CP?
These patients often walk in a high-guard position
Posterior walker facilitates a more upright posture & natural gait pattern
Often have a seat attachment, making sit to stand transfers easier
Describe each of the following types of validity
Concurrent validity
Construct validity
Content validity
Face validity
Concurrent validity - compares two tools against each other; most often with one being the gold standard
Construct validity - the degree to which the tool measures an abstract concept
Content validity - indicates that the items on the tool appropriately measure the subject matter
Face validity - does it seem like it measures what it’s supposed to at face value
Describe the clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism (Grave’s disease)
“Speeding things up”
Warm flushed skin
Muscle weakness
Increased DTRs
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Polyuria
Amenorrhea
Ophthalmopathy (bulging eyes)
Describe each of the following types of incontinence
Functional
Overflow
Stress
Urge
Functional - there is normal urine control, but a physical impairment or decrease in mobility prevents the patient from reaching a toilet in time
Overflow - continual leakage of urine from a full bladder that is unable to empty
Stress - occurs with increases in intraabdominal pressure (coughing, laughing, lifting)
Urge - uncontrolled loss of urine following a sudden urge to urinate
Describe the LE peripheral nerve sensory innervation
What causes meralgia paresthetica?
Describe the clinical presentation
Entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve under the inguinal ligament
Sensory changes along the lateral aspect of the thigh
NO motor involvement
Can be seen during pregnancy when the weight of the developing fetus in the abdominal cavity compresses the nerve
What is osteitis pubis?
Inflammation of the pubic symphysis
Which of the following reflexes is LEAST likely to be included during physical examination of DTRs?
Brachioradialis
Finger flexors
Jaw
Plantar
Plantar Reflex
This is a superficial cutaneous reflex –> flexion of the big toe
“Babinski reflex”
When are pressure garments indicated following a burn?
How often should they be worn?
For burns that take longer than 14 days to heal.
To address excessive scarring
23 hours a day (for several months to years)
What exercises should be avoided in patients with osteoporosis? Why?
Spinal flexion
Can cause vertebral compression fracture
Describe the values for the ABI and what they indicate
1.0-1.4 = normal
>1.4 = vessel calcification / hardening
<1.0 = arterial disease
.8-.9 = some arterial disease (treat risk factors)
..5 - .8 = moderate arterial disease (refer to vascular specialist)
<.5 = severe (refer to vascular specialist)
Describe the function of each of the GH ligaments
Anterior fibers of the inferior GH ligament
Inferior GH ligament
Inferior GH ligament
Middle GH ligament
Superior GH Ligament
Anterior fibers - primary stabilizers against anterior movement
Inferior - primary stabilizer against anterior translation while in 90 deg of abd & ER
Middle - primarily stabilizes against anterior translation w/ the arm in ER & <90 deg abd
Superior - important inferior stabilizer
Which Rancho level is “confused & agitated”?
Rancho Level 4
Describe the Ottawa ankle rules
Inability to WB immediately & in emergency department
OR
Bone tenderness at the posterior edge of the tip of the lateral & medial malleolus; navicular; base of 5th met
Describe the proper fitting for axillary crutches
2-3 inch (5-7 cm) gap between the top of the axillary pads & the patient’s axilla
15-30 deg of elbow flexion
Describe disseminated herpes zoster
Recommended isolation precautions
Lesions occur outside of the primary or adjacent dermatomes. Has blisters that contain fluid with the virus
- Can be transmitted thru air or contact
Airborne plus contact precaution
- Private room; negative airflow; mask, gown, and gloves
Which side is involved with L torticollis? What would the baby’s head position be?
L torticollis = L SCM is involved
L side bend & R rotation
What is Murphy’s sign?
What does it indicate?
Acute cholecystitis
(gallbladder information)
Ask the patient to take a deep breath while palpating the R subcostal area
(+) = pain w/ inspiration when the gallbladder comes into contact w/ the examiner’s hand
Describe the Wagner Stages of Neuropathic Ulcer
0 = foot at risk
1 = superficial ulcer
2 = Deep ulcer (full thickness with exposed tendon, muscle, and/or bone without osteomyelitis)
3 = abscessed deep ulcer
4 = limited gangrene
5 = extensive gangrene
Morphology of the acromion is best observed using which radiograph view?
Scapula Y
Which of the following conditions would NOT be an absolute contraindication to exercise testing?
Acute pericarditis
High-degree AV block
Uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure
Unstable angina
High-degree AV block
Describe pectus excavatum vs pectus carinatum
Pectus excavatum - Posteriorly displaced sternum; decreased anterior to posterior dimension of the chest
- Can impair respiration
Pectus carinatum - anteriorly displaced sternum & increased anterior to posterior dimensions of the chest
Describe pudendal neuralgia
Clinical presentation
What dermatome does this nerve follow?
Entrapment of the pudendal nerve
- Low back, thigh, and groin pain
- Pelvic tension or laxity
Follows the S2-3 dermatome
Describe the levels of phase 1 inpatient cardiac rehab
Main focus of phase 1: low-level exercise, education, and monitoring vital signs during activity
Level 1 - patient on bed rest
Level 2 - 1.5-2.0 METs
- Sitting EOB
- Walking to / from bathroom w/ supervision
Level 3
- Independent ambulator
Level 4 - IDK couldn’t find it
