4.5 Flashcards
internal economy of scale
falling average cost of production as producer becomes more efficient due to larger number of units of output
external economy of scale
falling average cost of production as producer becomes more efficient due to growth of industry in a region (eg better infrastructure – easier access to more suppliers)
craft production
production processes based on manual skills
craft production adv and disadv
adv:
highly skilled product
highly customisable to client needs
disadv:
small scale so low economy of scale
high labour costs
time consuming
mechanised production
production processes where machines are controlled by humans. higher cost for training and machinery, lower consumer choice
mechanised production adv and disadv
adv:
repetitive tasks carried out by machines
increased productivity
lower human error
disadv:
high cost of training and machinery
reduction in consumer choice
automated production
production processes involving machines controlled by computers. higher cost of equipment, higher productivity
automated production adv and disadv
adv:
higher quality
higher productivity as machines can work 24/7
disadv:
high equipment cost
only economically feasible for high production runs
assembly line production
production process where products and components are moved continuously along a conveyor. components are added until product is assembled
assembly line production adv and disadv
adv:
high production volume, economies of scale
disadv:
limited customisation
dependent on reliable supply of parts and timely distribution
CNC
computer numerical control;
computer control of machines to manufacture complex parts. cad file interpreted by cnc machine
CNC adv and disadv
adv:
highly accurate + efficient
customisable
disadv:
high equipment + training cost
mass production vs mass customisation
mass prod – large amounts of standardised products
mass customisation – computer aided manufacturing systems allow to combine low unit costs of mass production with individual customisation (customer can customise product at lowest possible price as economy of scale is gained)
design for manufacture
solutions created for optimum use of manufacturing capabilities
design for manufactrue types list
design for materials
design for process
design for assembly
design for dissassembly
adapting for DFM
reduce total number of parts
use standard components
minimise assembly directions
