4.2 a

Question 1

ore

Answer 1

rock that contains metals that can be extracted

Question 2

what is steel

Answer 2

alloy of iron and carbon, as well as some other elements

Question 3

list stages of steel extraction

Answer 3

raw material preparation
ironmaking
steelmaking
continuous casting
semi finished products
rolling
steel construction products

Question 4

environmental implications of extracting metal from ores

Answer 4

need to replace natural resources

energy consumption

Question 5

economic implications of extracting metal from ores

Answer 5

gov spending

effect on business climate

stable economic growth

Question 6

social implications of extracting metal from ores

Answer 6

developing goods that can enhance human well being

empowering local communities

Question 7

what affects metal durability

Answer 7

its grain size

Question 8

large grains are formed through…

Answer 8

slow cooling

Question 9

small grains are formed through…

Answer 9

fast cooling

Question 10

large grains have increased…

Answer 10

tensile strength
toughness
ductility

Question 11

alloys

Answer 11

combining at least one metal w other materials to produce another that is more useful for a specific task

Question 12

list common alloys

Answer 12

brass
bronze
steel
copper

Question 13

what does alloying generally do in comparison to pure metals

Answer 13

increases strength and hardness while decreasing ductility

Question 14

superalloys

Answer 14

alloy that exhibits excellent mechanical strength, resistance to creep deformation, oxidation resistance

Question 15

creep in relation to metals

Answer 15

tendency of a metal to slowly deform due to long term exposure to stress

Question 16

work hardening

Answer 16

toughening metal through plastic deformation

Question 17

tempering

Answer 17

heating process that generally follows work hardening; increases toughness of metal

Question 18

annealing

Answer 18

metal is heated and allowed to cool slowly to be made easier to work with – increases ductility

Question 19

ferrous metals

Answer 19

contain iron

Question 20

which metals are magnetic

Answer 20

ferrous

Question 21

potential issues w recovery and disposal of metals

Answer 21

not all alloys are identifiable

some have lower melting points => can vaporise during recycling process and cause pollution