2.4

Question 1

clean technology

Answer 1

products that minimise environmental damage through reduction of waste, reduction of non renewable materials and E

Question 2

clean technology strategies

Answer 2

1) cradle to cradle – consider entire lifecycle of product with the aim of eliminating waste from the lifecycle
2) circular economy – keeping material in the cycle for as long as possible, making sure it never becomes waste
3) life cycle analysis – evaluating the effects a product has on the environment over each stage of its life, helping designers understand impact of their products
4) light-weighting – trying to make product lighter which results in less material and therefore less E required

Question 3

why company would employ clean technologies

Answer 3

1) social:
-public pressure
-public perception
2) economic:
-lower material costs
- E costs
-taxes, penalties
-gov incentives
3) political:
-laws, legislations

Question 4

why may companies avoid gov legislations for clean technologies

Answer 4

-not appreciated if company is focused on profit
-legislation not enforced by law – will try to avoid it
-clean tech can be more expensive

Question 5

incremental

Answer 5

solutions which are improved over time leading to new versions

Question 6

advantages of incremental solutions

Answer 6

-exploit existing tech
-min changes to manufacturing
-low risk

Question 7

disadvantages of incremental solutions

Answer 7

-make changes frequently to keep up
-marketplace crowded w competitors

Question 8

radical

Answer 8

completely new product created by going back to the roots of a problem and thinking about solution in a different way

Question 9

advantages of radical solutions

Answer 9

-associated benefits (patent, less competitors)
-high potential for market growth

Question 10

disadvantages of radical solutions

Answer 10

-R and D costly and takes long
-high level of risk

Question 11

end of pipe + examples

Answer 11

tech used to reduce pollutants and waste at the end of a process
examples:
-when waste ends up on beaches – organise a beach clean up
-carbon capture
-filtration systems
-composting

Question 12

why is end of pipe the last strategy to be used

Answer 12

bcs it doesnt minimise the production of harmful substances

Question 13

system level solutions

Answer 13

implemented to deal with the whole system rather than separate components