1.1

Question 1

what does ergonomics do

Answer 1

it makes sure that a product is good for people. it is the relationship of humans w the design of objects

Question 2

anthropometrics

Answer 2

aspect of ergonomics that deals w body measurements

Question 3

when did ergonomics begin to be included into the industry

Answer 3

when people realised that work will be done quicker if the equipment is safe and easy to use

Question 4

understandability

Answer 4

when a product considers the way people think and interpret info so it requires no detailed instruction for use

Question 5

why does a designer need to understand biomechanics

Answer 5

we constantly use force when handling objects and the amount of it that we exert in diff situations should be understood

Question 6

why do we need to do testing

Answer 6

it develops a product as it helps identify the ergonomic issues it may have

Question 7

adjustability + what it is used for

Answer 7

the ability of a product to be changed in size etc to fit the user. used to increase the range of percentiles a product is suitable for. often used when a range of sizes is expensive to produce

Question 8

primary data

Answer 8

gathered w a specific purpose in mind. tailored to the specific needs of a researcher

Question 9

secondary data

Answer 9

was collected by someone other than the researcher for a diff purpose. already exists, is good for providing a broader context

Question 10

examples of primary research

Answer 10

experiments, interviews, surveys

Question 11

examples of secondary research

Answer 11

existing resources like journals, publications etc

Question 12

secular trend

Answer 12

observable changes in physical characteristics of a population over generations

Question 13

what is the secular trend most commonly

Answer 13

increase in average height due to better nutrition etc

Question 14

what are observable changes in physical characteristics of a population over generations

Answer 14

secular trend

Question 15

diversities of humans that impact anthropometric data (6)

Answer 15

sex differences – body size, muscle mass
ethnic differences – body size, facial features, height
growth and development – we change since birth
secular trend – our understanding of “average” shifts
social class, occupation – nutrition, physical demands for jobs, access to healthcare
ageing – our stature shrinks at some point

Question 16

what is dynamic data also called

Answer 16

functional

Question 17

dynamic data

Answer 17

body measurements taken when subject is in motion which provides insight into various scenarios

Question 18

examples of dynamic data

Answer 18

grip strength, reaction time…

Question 19

what is static data also called

Answer 19

structural

Question 20

static data

Answer 20

body measurements taken when subject is still and measurements aren’t influenced by external factors

Question 21

examples of static data

Answer 21

height, joint to joint measurements…

Question 22

percentile range

Answer 22

the proportion of a population w a dimension at or less than a given value

Question 23

25th percentile

Answer 23

value which 25% of the population are at or below

Question 24

clearance

Answer 24

the physical space between 2 objects, like the space in the aisle of a plane

Question 25

reach + example

Answer 25

range that a person can stretch to touch/grasp and object from a certain position (like a pilot reaching all the buttons from the seat)

Question 26

what is reach also known as

Answer 26

workspace envelope

Question 27

types of reach

Answer 27

maximal reach – max distance which is accessible but requires some effort
normal reach – distance to which the user can comfortably extend their arm w min physical stress

Question 28

workspace envelope

Answer 28

the 3 dimensional space within which you carry out physical work activities from a fixed location
the limits are determined by your arm reach

Question 29

what percentile should a workspace envelope be designed for

Answer 29

5th percentile

Question 30

costs involved in adjustability for aircrafts

Answer 30

maintenance – mechanisms can break
weight – the mechanisms add up quickly and u waste more fuel
disruption – stiff like seat reclining

Question 31

range of sizes

Answer 31

a selection of sizes a product is made in that fits the majority of the market

Question 32

human factors are what 2 fields of study

Answer 32

ergonomics + anthropometrics

Question 33

what do human factors aim to do

Answer 33

reduce errors
increase safety
increase ease of use
comfort
improve system performance

Question 34

3 types of ergonomics

Answer 34

physical, cognitive, organisational

Question 35

physical ergonomics

Answer 35

to do with bodies fitting products. body size, physical capacity

Question 36

cognitive ergonomics examples

Answer 36

mental processes such as perception, memory etca

Question 37

what does organisational ergonomics do

Answer 37

optimises organisational processes to improve safety and well being in workplace

Question 38

ergonome

Answer 38

2d scaled model based on a certain percentile, scaled from data taken from standard human form

Question 39

manikin

Answer 39

anatomical 3d model of a human body which is useful for assessing the relationship of body parts to spatial arrangements (like a chair to a desk)

Question 40

what is the 3d alternative of an ergonome

Answer 40

manikin

Question 41

what is adjustability

Answer 41

the ability of a product to be changed in size, usually to increase the range of percentiles it fits

Question 42

why is adjustability not always available

Answer 42

adds to cost + complexity; u should consider maintenance, weight

Question 43

when is adjustability usually used

Answer 43

when a range of sizes is too expensive/difficult to produce

Question 44

what is human factors basically

Answer 44

an understanding of what affects out performance, ergonomics + anthropometrics