38. Genera Enterococcus, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus, anaerobic cocci.

Question 1

Enterococcus Habitat Morphology staining and culture?

Answer 1

ENTEROCOCCUS

Habitat • gut • normal gut flora

Morphology • cocci, chains

Staining • Gram-positive

Culture • like streptococci • 10-45 oC, pH 9.6

Question 2

Enterococcus Biochemistry antigens and species pathogenecity?

Answer 2

Biochemistry
• bacteriocin production

Antigens
• Lancefield D
Species, pathogenicity
• E. faecalis,
• E. faecium,
• E. avium,
• E. gallinarum
• mainly saprophytes,
• sometimes arthritis, endocarditis, abscesses

Question 3

Lactococcus?

Answer 3

LACTOCOCCUS
• Lancefield N
• fast lactose fermentation (homofermentation)
• gut flora (probiotic)
• dairy products (starter cultures: Bulgarian milk, butter)
• L. lactis subsp. lactis
• L. lactis subsp. cremoris
• L. plantarum: silage production

Question 4

Anaerobic cocci?

Answer 4

ANAEROBIC COCCI
• habitat: mucous membranes
• saprophytes, sporadically inflammations
• Peptococcus
• metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
• Peptostreptococcus
• metritis, arthritis, pneumonia
• Peptoniphilus
• arthritis, septicaemia
• Ruminococcus
• rumen, saprophytes
• Sarcina
• gut, saprophytes

Question 5

Lactobacillus Habitat Morphology staining and culture?

Answer 5

1. Habitat:
   • mucous membranes, gut, food, feed, plant
   • component of the normal flora (normal microbiota)
2. Morphology:
   • long, thin, sometimes curved rods
3. Staining:
   • Gram-positive

Culture:

• microaerophilic • optimal temperature 30-40 oC (2-53 oC), • pH 5.5-6.2

Question 6

Lactobacillus Biochemistry pathogenecity and species?

Answer 6

5. Biochemistry:
• active fermentation,
• lactate pH 4.0
• silage production, pickling
6. Pathogencity:
• saprophytes
• mucous membranes (protective effect, probiotic)
• dairy industry
7. Species:
• L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus: yogurt production
• L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis: dairy industry
• L. acidophilus: mucous membranes, dairy industry
• L. salivarius: gut, probioticum
• L. plantarum: silage production, dairy industry