35 - the later protectorate Flashcards
why did cromwell summonparliament a year early than required under the instrument
needed money
the guarantee he recieved from the major generals that they woudl make sure elections returned only co-operative members
make up of the second protectorate parliament
100 members were declared ineligable and prevented from taking their seats - early signs of a purge
positive relationship between cromwell and the second parliament
they were willing to provide funds for spanish war
they paid attention to business
break down in the relationsip between the second parliament and cromwell
- cromwell believed that had exceeded their power in the James naylar case
- in jan 1957, spokesmen wanted to renew the deimation tax which supported teh major generals, when parliament voted against this they essentially voted against the regime
end of the major generals
- when ebrough introduced teh bill that renewed decimationm tax, and it was shit down, it effectively brought the major generals to an end
cromwells reaction to the end of the major generals
anger towards -
parliament or voting agaisnt the bill
the major generals for advising him to call a new parliament
found himself ina difficult decsiison, between the army (major generals) and parliament
the new cromwellians
included Monck
largely composed of civilians
tarditionalists who believed in the virtues of the old constitution and social order
they believed taht the more cromwell culd distance himself from the army, the mor esucsess the protectorate would have
humble petition of advice
written by the new cromwellians as an atlernate written cosnitution to the instrument of government
proposed cromwell -
* become king
* be granted adequate finance
* rule with a restored privy council
* govern w/ regular parliaments including the upper house
the proposal of king ship
in the humble peititon of advice
itsaim was to limit the kings power and operate as a consitutional monarchy
attractive aspects of the humble petiiton, for cromwell
since the offer had come from parliament, it was more vlaid than the instrument
gave the offer much consideration
reactions to cromwell’s consideration of a kingship
army officers created petitions to urgehim to reject
he eventually did so in april
acceptance of the humble petition
although rejecting the offer of kingship, he did accept the humble petition, in a modified form which made him ‘his highness, the lord protctor oliver’
army control after the acceptance of the humble petition
- cromwell appointed army officials to sit in the other house, this provided them the ability to veto legislation
*
the second session 1658
those who had been barred form the last session, now attended this session
* * this brought back predominatly republicans who believed that the governemnt had been illegitimate since the dissoltuion of teh rump, launching an attack on the new constituion, especially -
* authority of teh protector
* the power of the army
* taxation
end of the 2nd session
members of teh lower house has transfered to the other house
there were fears that an uprising of republicans would call for the end of the protectorate and a restoration of the rump
cromwell as lord protector
- faivored tradition, took a cautious political approach
- always sought to work within teh constitution
- depended on military power, but reluctant to be a dictator
- force was always a last resort for him
5.
main issue with the protectorate
finance -
difficult to raise loans from the city
the money he was granted under the humble petition was £500,000 short to cover costs
cromwells ambigous positiion
on one hand he lacked the authority or public acceptance of a monarchy
on the other he never pushed his authoirty towards having absolute power
many saw him as a hyprocrite who has imposed tryanny in concept and praticse
cromwell, an opprotunist
he was too involved with the day-to-day running of teh government to develop an overall policy
he usually simply justified his actions after the fact, stating that it was gods will
cromwells broad aims
- a godly commonwealth
- wanted a traditionalist societal structure, with nobility, gentry and lower classes
- wanted free worship s long as they werenr catholics, papists or blasphemers
was cromwell a tyrant
despite aiming to restore a civilian government, cromwells rule was still effectivey a military rule
however -
* he tried to make a represnetative parliamnt
* tried to improe te role of teh cosnitution
* set about giving his rule a civilian base
issues of cromwells legacy
questions such as this would be largely unasnwere dwhen cromwell died in 1658
* what was the place of parlaiment
* was teh army to continue to play a political role
* how would they finance the governemtn
* how would they settle religious differences
