22 - failure to reach a settlement Flashcards
post war groups
- presbyterians
- independnats
- the army
- the scots
the presbyterians
still the majority in parliament, eager to see presbyteriansim chruch imposed and the army disbanded
the independnats
a minority in parliament, growing in infleunce as a representative of the religious sects resistant to a state chruch
the army
theorietically under the control of parliament
soldiers, supported by officers refused to disband until their arrears of pay had been met and it was agreed that they wouldnt be prosecuted following the war
the scots
unhappy with parliaments failure to impose presbyterianism in accordance to the solemn league and covenant
attempts to reach a settlement
charles knew he could paly each remaining group agaisnt eachother, knowing none of them wanted his removal as king yet
newcastle propositions
july 1646
parliament proprosed thatc harles, in return for peace and his guaranteed saftey, he would -
* establish a prebyterian state church
* give up to parliamentary control of his armies
* dismiss ministers who had ‘ill advised’ him
charles’ reactions to the newcastle propositions
deliberatly procrastinated in agreeing to them, and the army swooped in to outflank parliament on a proposal.
chalres’ abduction
abducted by the army in june 1647
following cromwells fear over rumours that parliamen and the scots had been intriguing with charles against the army
heads of proposals
august 1647
drafted by ireton presented by the council of teh army
in return for restoring the royal family’s honour and freedom he would have to accept -
* parliament to be called every 2 years
* control of army and navy to parliament
* bishops no longer have authority in civil matters
* book of common prayer no longer mandatory
* act of indemnity passed
council of the army
composed of the highest ranking officers (grandees) inclduing fairfax and cromwell
act of idemnity
a guarantee against prosecutionfor the deeds of the war
charles’ reaction to the heads of proposals
also procrastinated on repsonding to this
didnt want to give up any authority
he still believed he coud restore his powers by exploting divisions
the engagment
dec 1647
after escaping army custody, he began to negotiate with the scots - leading to the engagment with contained these terms -
* charles to be restored to the psotiion of befire the breakdown of negotiations in 1642
* charles promised to adopt presbyterianism as the state religion
charles accpets
reaction of the army to ‘the enagment’
broke off negotiations with charles
the army council amde a decleartion that the second civil war was unavoidable
the second civil war
the king believed that h was simly dealing with rebels
this war would be a war with the scots and the king v parliament
the events of the 2nd civil war
scots and king failed to co-ordinate effectively
their hope of sucsess was crush by the sppedy response of cromwell and fairfax and the army
they experienced defeat inw alesm east anglia and all hope was lost with the final failure in preston in august
why did parliament want to disband the army
they were fearful of the poltical and phsycial threat of the army
army’s response to parliament aim to diband them
refused until they were given a formal promise of indemnity
and were paid what they were owed
parliaments raising if an army
follwoing the armys refusal to disband parliament attempted to raise an army from its sympathisers
new model army march on london
following the attempt by parliament to raise an army
march on lodnon
reinstate the idnependnat Mps
new model army no longer regarded itself as a servant to parliament
divisions in the army
soliders representatives - known as agitators, put forward racial semand that went beyond pay (th agreement of the people
the agreement of the people
drawn up in oct 1647- demanding that
* parliament be disolved
* parliament accepts that they exuist solely by permission of the people
* freedom of worship
* law applied to all men equally
* recognition that estate, degee,birth or place doesnt confer with any special priveldges
the putbney debates
the clash between leveller agitators who put together the agreement of the people, and the grandees
grandees state that they didnt fight the war to upheve society, but to presrve it - stating that those with land gave its holders teh right to vote and sit in parliament
