22 - failure to reach a settlement

Question 1

post war groups

Answer 1

• presbyterians
• independnats
• the army
• the scots

Question 2

the presbyterians

Answer 2

still the majority in parliament, eager to see presbyteriansim chruch imposed and the army disbanded

Question 3

the independnats

Answer 3

a minority in parliament, growing in infleunce as a representative of the religious sects resistant to a state chruch

Question 4

the army

Answer 4

theorietically under the control of parliament
soldiers, supported by officers refused to disband until their arrears of pay had been met and it was agreed that they wouldnt be prosecuted following the war

Question 5

the scots

Answer 5

unhappy with parliaments failure to impose presbyterianism in accordance to the solemn league and covenant

Question 6

attempts to reach a settlement

Answer 6

charles knew he could paly each remaining group agaisnt eachother, knowing none of them wanted his removal as king yet

Question 7

newcastle propositions

Answer 7

july 1646
parliament proprosed thatc harles, in return for peace and his guaranteed saftey, he would -
* establish a prebyterian state church
* give up to parliamentary control of his armies
* dismiss ministers who had ‘ill advised’ him

Question 8

charles’ reactions to the newcastle propositions

Answer 8

deliberatly procrastinated in agreeing to them, and the army swooped in to outflank parliament on a proposal.

Question 9

chalres’ abduction

Answer 9

abducted by the army in june 1647
following cromwells fear over rumours that parliamen and the scots had been intriguing with charles against the army

Question 10

heads of proposals

Answer 10

august 1647
drafted by ireton presented by the council of teh army
in return for restoring the royal family’s honour and freedom he would have to accept -
* parliament to be called every 2 years
* control of army and navy to parliament
* bishops no longer have authority in civil matters
* book of common prayer no longer mandatory
* act of indemnity passed

Question 11

council of the army

Answer 11

composed of the highest ranking officers (grandees) inclduing fairfax and cromwell

Question 12

act of idemnity

Answer 12

a guarantee against prosecutionfor the deeds of the war

Question 13

charles’ reaction to the heads of proposals

Answer 13

also procrastinated on repsonding to this
didnt want to give up any authority
he still believed he coud restore his powers by exploting divisions

Question 14

the engagment

Answer 14

dec 1647
after escaping army custody, he began to negotiate with the scots - leading to the engagment with contained these terms -
* charles to be restored to the psotiion of befire the breakdown of negotiations in 1642
* charles promised to adopt presbyterianism as the state religion

charles accpets

Question 15

reaction of the army to ‘the enagment’

Answer 15

broke off negotiations with charles
the army council amde a decleartion that the second civil war was unavoidable

Question 16

the second civil war

Answer 16

the king believed that h was simly dealing with rebels
this war would be a war with the scots and the king v parliament

Question 17

the events of the 2nd civil war

Answer 17

scots and king failed to co-ordinate effectively
their hope of sucsess was crush by the sppedy response of cromwell and fairfax and the army
they experienced defeat inw alesm east anglia and all hope was lost with the final failure in preston in august

Question 18

why did parliament want to disband the army

Answer 18

they were fearful of the poltical and phsycial threat of the army

Question 19

army’s response to parliament aim to diband them

Answer 19

refused until they were given a formal promise of indemnity
and were paid what they were owed

Question 20

parliaments raising if an army

Answer 20

follwoing the armys refusal to disband parliament attempted to raise an army from its sympathisers

Question 21

new model army march on london

Answer 21

following the attempt by parliament to raise an army
march on lodnon
reinstate the idnependnat Mps
new model army no longer regarded itself as a servant to parliament

Question 22

divisions in the army

Answer 22

soliders representatives - known as agitators, put forward racial semand that went beyond pay (th agreement of the people

Question 23

the agreement of the people

Answer 23

drawn up in oct 1647- demanding that
* parliament be disolved
* parliament accepts that they exuist solely by permission of the people
* freedom of worship
* law applied to all men equally
* recognition that estate, degee,birth or place doesnt confer with any special priveldges

Question 24

the putbney debates

Answer 24

the clash between leveller agitators who put together the agreement of the people, and the grandees
grandees state that they didnt fight the war to upheve society, but to presrve it - stating that those with land gave its holders teh right to vote and sit in parliament