27 - the 3rd civil war (cromwell in ireland and scotland) Flashcards
the situation in ireland in 1649
there had been rebellion over the imposition of english authority since 1641
in 1649 cromwell was appointed to subdue the irish
cromwell arrives in ireland
12,000 men in august 1649
they were outnumbered by the irish forces but teh english army was more disciplined and well equipt
the irish leader, Ormode wanted a coalition with Oneill, causing cromwell to begin his campaign to drogheda
drogheda
the twon was sucsessfully taken by the english, securing the north of england
lots of blood shed
wexford
after securing drogheda, amrched south to secure the whole of ireland - reaching wexford
blood shed and horrendous
they were strongholds with militry improtance but were curshed by english forces
troops killed those who resisted
even more casualties than drigheda with over 2000 dead
reaction to cromwell and drogheda/wexford
many stated that cromwell went to create a reign of terror over ireland.
cromwell insisted that the person and property of teh cviilians had been respected
cromwells involvement in droghedaand wexford
did nto necessarily intend to create a massacre
cromwell punished those who disobeyed his orders
he wasnt necessarily cruel or vindctive to the irish
his measures may have been overlooked during the events but were not necessarily planned
land confiscation
by his recall to england in ay 1650 - he had acheievd his aims. the royalist cause in ireland was failing
left ireton in command of english forces
land of royalists were confiscated and given to protestant settlers
1660, only 20% of land ownership was catholic
what prevented a united front in scotland
presbyterians v catholics v episcopalians
hopes of charles II
after the death of his father he hope there would be a full scale scottish uprising on his behalf
cromwells opinion on the scots
no personal animosity to the scots
saw them as his protestant brothers
dunbar
scottish forces met Cromwell’s forces in dunbar in 1650
overwhelming win for the English
cromwell remained in ireland until 1651
left behind Lamber and monck to continue
charles II reaction to dunbar
he wasnt deterred
marched south into england with a force of 12,000 men
he hoped his presence would generate a royal uprising
he failed and were met with cromwells forces in september - fled to exile for 9 years
the rumps reaction to sucsess in scotland
declared that scotland was totally under parliaments authority
* scottish parliament dissolved
* presbyterian church power redcued
* scots required to pay for the upkeeop of the english army
