16 - attacks on charles' government

Question 1

how long did the long parliament last

Answer 1

1640-60

Question 2

charles’ aims with the long parliament

Answer 2

restore his authority
take revenge on those who had humiliated him

Question 3

opinion of puritan Mps in the long parliament

Answer 3

saw parliament as a defence against popery
wanted to safeguard parliament and avoid absolutism

Question 4

opinion of puritan Mps in the long parliament

Answer 4

saw parliament as a defence against popery
wanted to safeguard parliament and avoid absolutism

Question 5

opinion of moderate Mps in long parliament

Answer 5

wanted to undo the innvoation sof teh 1630s and return to the status quo
they feared parliamentary absolutism
usually agsint further religious reforms
supported prayer book, didnt support the removal of bishops

Question 6

aims of parliament in the long parliament

Answer 6

dismantle religious and fianncial innvoations of teh 1630s
punish those responsible, especially strafford and laud

Question 7

events of long parliament

Answer 7

• laud and strafford imprisoned within the first few weeks
• ship money judges impeached
• scots in northumberland meeant they wouldnt be dissolved
• two subsidies voted in december
• parliament dominated by the junto

Question 8

the junto

Answer 8

parliamentarians
had petition charles to form a parliament in the summer
had been in collusion with the scots
wanted to become the kings advisors and change his polciies
favoured protestant foreign policy and puritan reforms in the church

Question 9

skills of the junto

Answer 9

effective speeches in both houses
dominated improtant comitees
put pressure on the king through demonstrations and petitions

Question 10

aims of the junto

Answer 10

to be part of the governemnt, for ezample their members such as john pym as chancellor of the exchequer
remove laudism
if charles was to allow them into gov, they promised to provide adequate parliamentray revenue

Question 11

why did the junto fail

Answer 11

charles not willing to see his freedom of action removed
mps reluctant to countenace increased taxtaion
the scots were unahppy that the junto wanted to keep bishops

Question 12

reasons for straffords trial

Answer 12

hated by parliament cause he was associated with personal rule
scared parliament due to his army (from his time in ireland)

Question 13

charges against strafford

Answer 13

cant be charged with treason as he hadnt done anything ‘against the king’
charged with constructive treason as it made a divsion ‘between the king and his people’

Question 14

issues with charging strafford

Answer 14

parliament equired two men to attest for what straffprd had said to amount to treason
they could only get 1

Question 15

proceedings of straffords trial

Answer 15

held in westminster hall instead of the house of lords as usual
1000 audience members
the whol of commons attended
king wasnt allowed to attend publicly, had to watch behind a lattice

Question 16

outcome of the trial

Answer 16

strafford defedned himself with skill, indicating the flawes with’constructive treason’
he convinced the lords that he shoul not be found guilty, which was unthinkable to the junto

Question 17

act of attainder

Answer 17

after the failure of his trial several Mps wanted strafford attained - which would condem strafford to death and there was no possibility of pardon
charls was required to give his assent (pym originally didnt back it as he wanted the kings favour bu then he ended up backing it)
over 200 voted in favour, with just 59 against
the lrods were originally against it but the ‘army plot’ (a pot to rescue strafford) persuadedd them taht the king couldnt be trusted

Question 18

straffrords death

Answer 18

both henrietta and strafford himself tried to conince charles to give his asent to teh act of attainder - to avoi what would happen if he didnt
he was eventually perusaded
200,000 watched as he was executed on the 12th may
charles wouldnt ever forgive the junto for what they had forced him into

Question 19

dismantling the perogative governemnt

Answer 19

parliament wanted to dismantle the perogtaive governemtn that charles had used during personal rule
they first wanted to remove his ability to dissolve them, using the socts as protection until legislation could be passed

Question 20

parlaimentary alliance with the scots

Answer 20

in attempts to remove the perogative government, parliament allied with the socts for potection
they had to, as a price, abolish bishops
£850 a day for the scots army

Question 21

triennial act 1641

Answer 21

parliament must meet every three years
if the king fails to do so, they can call their own one using sheriffs
charles was resistant but then, due to financial pressure, signed it
he was also forced to sign a bill in may that declared the present parliament could only be dissolved with their consent

Question 22

remedial measures may-august 1641

Answer 22

a series of acts that dealt with the action in the 1630s
tonnage and poundage granted utother customs charged were forbidden - putting charles major source of revenue in the control of parliament
july - abolished the star chamber and court of high commision
august - ship oney and distraint of knightood abolished

Question 23

pym’s effectivness

Answer 23

had reeduced the power of charles
able to use petitions and demonstrations in favour of his policies

Question 24

poll tax

Answer 24

used to pay both the scots army and the english army
a tax on all adult inhabitants based on their income

Question 25

reasons for the then propositions 1641

Answer 25

charles announced his plan to go to scotland
there were fears that he would use the armies to reassert hs power
this was likely as the army was upset with commons over their lack of pay (which forced them to push through poll tax)

Question 26

the ten propositions

Answer 26

urged the king to -
* postpone his trip to scotland until armies were disbanded
* dismiss ‘evil counsellors’
* to give control of the military forces to those who were ‘faithful and trusty’
* exclude catholics a advisors for teh queen