20 - the first civil war Flashcards
support for the royalists and the parliamentarians
more common for there to be support for parliament in the south and support for the king in the north but not exclusive to these areas
aim of the battle of edge hill 1642
first attempt by charles to recover power over the capital, London
events of the battle of edge hill
charles marched south from nottingham
blocked by parliamentary forced in warwickshire
the battle in octobe was indecisive but left the path to london open
reasons fr the failure of the battle of edge hill
charles chose to delay his advance after teh battle on october even thought he path was open
when he arrived at the outskirts of london three weeks later, parliament had already cerated a stronghold and he was met with parliamentary forces
charles withdrew forces to oxford
importance of secuirng london
material resources
strategic position
(oxford never provided the political and material resources taht london did)
royalist plans of securing london in 1643
1643
the aimw as to secure areas around london and then use a pincer movement to secure london
price ruper secured bristol and others also made gains
key areas such as gloucter and pymoth not secured so piner movement was impossible
reasons for the solemn league and covenant
john pym, out of fear of the royalist sucsess in securing areas around london suggetses an alliance with socttish presbyterians
solemn leauge and covenant
september 1643
the terms were -
* scottish covenants agreed to bring forces into enagland to help
* parliament would have to impose prebytrianism as teh state religion in england
result of the covenant and solem leauge
cause disputes between palriament and the army who desired freedom of worship but were now bound to a state religion
caused disputes with parliamentarians who had taken up arms to be free of an established church, saw this as a beyrayal
oliver cromwell
military genius
took up arms to support parliament at the start of teh civil war
Organised the eatsern association that eventually became the new model army
reasons for disputes between cromwell and parliament
cromwell wanted an all out war
parliament failed to include cromwell as they were hoping for a settlement as opposed to an all out war with the king
the effects of the solemn leauge on the war
scottish forces entered england under the terms
charles responded by brining in over 10,000 irish protestants to swell royalist ranks
martson moor
anglo-irish royalist troops met anglo-scottish parliamentray troops in york in july. royalsts were outnumbered by 9000 men
cromwell showed his tactical genius and scattered royalist units, winning the battle
failure of the earls of essex and mancheester following marston moor 1644
instead of siezing the opporuntiy of a won battle, they delayed during the following months and moved their armies elsewhere - allowing the royalists time to recover
the resolution of the essex-cromwell dispute
following the battle of marston moor 1644
most of parliament now accepted that the dedication of the new model army should be adopted by all forces
to do this, parliament enforced self-denying ordinance in 1645
essentially, leaders would have to give up their commisions in order to be renewed, but of course faint hearted leaders wouldnt see their commision renewed
fairfax became commander in chief
