10 - charles and parliament Flashcards
parliament of 1625
he became king and called parliamebnt to secure money for the war with spain before listening to them
commons wanted to demonstrate loyalty and voted two subsidies worth £140000 which wasnt enough
issues with parliament of 1625
tonnage and poundage
the failure of commons to finance a war that they had approved
Tonnage and poundage
the parliament of 1625
parliament would only grant 1 year of tonage and poundage until they could discuss reforms
king was deeply offended by this
Why was parliament of 1625 dissolved
commons turned their attention to buckingham, who they blamed for mishandling the kings affairs.
charles saw this as an attack on his authority
Ouctome of the parliament of 1625
- commons upset that he didnt want to listen to their poblems, and just wanted to secure funding for the spanish war
- charles felt betrayed that commons wouldnt finance the war that they authorised, their attacks on buckingham and their failure to grant tonnage and poundage
parliament of 1626
chalres’ aim with this parliamnet was to remove those that he blamed for the failure of the last parliament
he made some sheriffs so that they were unable to stand for election and simply removed others such as Lord coke
outcome of parliament of 1626
commons discussed subsidies but didnt grant them
they cirtiicsied corwn policy such as expedition to cadiz, the york confeence and the rise of arminians
they prepared letters of impeachment against buckingham, who they blamed for everything
The end of parliament in 1626
to avoid the threat to his friend, buck, charles dissolved parliament, putting buck above his relations with parliament
The forced loan
without parliament, large ougoings of war and little income other than captures french ships that brought in 50k
a forced loan levied in 1625, worth 2 subsidies on the richer subjects
passed in 1626 a forced loan that was worth 5 subsidis on ALL subjects (against advice)
parliamentary taxation without parliament
raised “260k by 1927 and imprisoned those who didnt pay (76 were)
The 5 knights case
5 knighst arrestes for not paying the forced loan
they challenged under habeos corpus
crown knew it was to risky to take to court as the judge would likely let them go
they were inrpisoned under “special command on the king”
he was now inprisoning and collecting tax at his own pleasure
unrest after the 5 knights case
taxes without consent
inprisonment off of his own free will
billeting and martial law in southern counties causing unrest
billeting
compelling householders to provide soldiers with food or shelter
martial law
the replacement of civil law with army rules, inclduing night time curfew ect
Parliament of 1628-29
no choice but to calll antoher parliament as foriegn policy worsened
commons realised they had to make concessions to have their opinions heard
granted generous subsidied in return for the petition of right
petition of right
safeguarded the liberties of parlaiement
ended -
* non parliamentary taxation
* inprisonment without cause
* billeting
* martial law
Charles’ reaction to the petition of right
he didnt want restirctions on his freedom
he firstly denied the assent to make it law
he was still waiting for themto pass the 5 subsidied they agreed to so he passed it into law
the commons remonstrance
commons drew up a formal statment of grievances (remonstrance) after the petition of right
* innovations in religiion
* innovation in government inclduing buckingham
* disasters and dangers at home and abroad
* the judgement of god on the parliament
the end of parliament 1628-29
commons began a second remonstrance denouncing the king, and charles disolved parliament
he had obtained the 5 subsidied bu tnot tonnage and poundage but continued to collect it any ways
some merchants refused to pay it but parliament backed the corwn and said the petition of right was too general
Death of buckingham
there was no longer a scapegoat for those who dislkied royal policy , realising it wss actually the king at fault
The second session of 1629
dominated by religion and tonnage and poundage
Religion in the second session of 1629
charles reinstated resusancy fines and Abbot, a prutian was readmited to the privy council
commons wanted to use customs to negotiate religious concessions
Tonnage and poundage in the second session of 1629
commons were not going to grant charles customers without concessions from the court
The three resolutions
called out in a demonstration in the 2nd session of 1629
held down the speaker when the king tried to overturn court and called out these resoluions to condem anyone who:
* promotes innovation in religion
* counselled the collection of tonnage and poundage without parliamentray taxation
* voluntarily paid the duties
The dissolution of parliament in 1629
Inprisoned those who took part in the demonstartion of the three resolutions
ignored the three resolutions
resolved and wanted to do without them in the future
Reasons for the break down between parliament and the crown
charles pusued unpopular religions, financial and foreign affairs polcies
didnt explain his policies well
changing role of parliament
strained relationship between corwn and commons
the changing role of parliament
breakdown between crown and parliament
buckingham dominated effective disucssion with the privy council, meaning debates had to be held in common sinstead
failure to enter the court by Mps due to bucks dominated, vented their anger in commons
commons became a cirtic of the king and government, making it not worth the struggle to win approval
strained relationship between crown and commons
commons didnt want to fun dthe war wirth spain, causing charles to fund in non-parliamentary ways hich caused strain
