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Neuroscience > 30 July 2019 > Flashcards

30 July 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

amygdala is the

A

threat sensor

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2
Q

the amygdala has three things:

A

emotional
impulsive
immediate gratification

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3
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is the

A

rational part

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4
Q

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has three things:

A

rational
planning
goal-oriented

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5
Q

the somatic marker does what?

A

integrates the emotional and rational centers for good decisions

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6
Q

the rational blue part does

A

action selection systems

social loop

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7
Q

impulsive immediate red part is

A

reward seeking system

- primal part

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8
Q

five s/s of ventral prefrontal syndrome:

A
  1. dis-inhibition
  2. lack of concern about consequences
  3. impulsiveness
  4. inappropriate behaviors
  5. emotional liability
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9
Q

stress response affects three things?

A 
somatic nervous system 
autonomic nervous systems 
neuroendocrine system (adrenal medulla
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10
Q

the neuroendocrine system work on what structure:

A

adrenal medulla

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11
Q

somatic NS does what?

A

increases muscle tension

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12
Q

autonomic NS does what?

A

shunts blood from skin & gut to muscles

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13
Q

neuroendocrine system is what?

A

epinephrine enhances cardiac function, relaxes intestines, increases metabolic rate

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14
Q

cortisol does five things?

A
  1. mobilizes energy -glucose
  2. suppresses immune system
  3. turns on anti-inflammatory
  4. turns on “memory maker” cells in the hippocampus
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15
Q

what type of memory does memory maker affect?

A

episodic

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16
Q

HPA stands for

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal

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17
Q

stress affects three things:

A
  1. somatic NS
  2. autonomic
  3. neuroendocrine
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18
Q

finnes gage blew out what and did what?

A

blew out the frontal lobe

  • disconnection between rationale & primal brain
  • couldn’t imagine forward
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19
Q

so when you cut off the connection between rational and primal you affect

A

understanding of social disapproval

become impulse

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20
Q

negative effects of chronic stress :

A
  • increased blood sugar
  • immunosuppression
  • blood vessel changes (heart attack or stroke)
  • damage to cells of the hippocampus
  • weaken or break rational control of ipulse
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21
Q

when there is an increase in stress what happens to the amygdala?

A

it overreacts to threats or perceived threats

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22
Q

when the amygdala overreacts what happens to the frontal lobe?

A

frontal lobe is less able to insure a socially appropriate response to perceived threat

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23
Q

amygdala - frontal lobe connection short hand:

A

amygdala is hypersensitive

frontal lobe link is broken

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24
Q

the temporoparietal area has what four things?

A
  • convergent thinking
  • communication
  • directing attention
  • comprehending space (spatial realtions)
25
Q

convergent thinking is

A

taking all the information that you learned and boiling it down to
many things to one thing

26
Q

the dotted line in the picture is what?

A

temporal / parietal JUNCTION

27
Q

LEFT hemi affects

A

creating and understanding language

28
Q

RIGHT hemi affects

A

non verbal and paraverbal

29
Q

what % is it that the left will present the left and the right will present the right

A

95%

30
Q

communication has six steps:

A
  1. discrimination
  2. classification
  3. werinicke’s area
  4. link
  5. broca’s area
  6. primary motor cortex
31
Q
  1. discrimination
A
  • temporal lobe
  • auditory sensation
  • primary cortex
    fx: start to discriminate sounds based on pitch /volume
32
Q

first step of communication is

A

discrimination

33
Q

discrimination takes places where

A

the primary auditory cortex

34
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex?

A

the temporal lobe

35
Q

which lobe does discrimination affect

A

temporal lobe

36
Q
  1. classification
A
  1. takes lanuage adn ships to another place

2. everything else it makes meaning out of

37
Q

def of discrimination

A

start to distinguish sounds based on pitch / volume

38
Q

ie of what classification does

A

distinguishes what foot steps are from doorbell

39
Q

projection fibers go

A

up / down

40
Q

commissural fibers go

A

side/side

41
Q

association fibers go

A

associate 1 lobe w/ another

- front to back

42
Q
  1. werneke’s lobe
A
  • tempoparietal junction

- part that understanding speech and language

43
Q
  1. link
A

subcortical connections

44
Q

what does the link do

A

connect the wernicke’s area to the broca’s area

45
Q
  1. broca’s area is the
A

motor plan to say the words your thinking

46
Q
  1. primary motor cortex:
A

UMN
Pyramid
project to brainstem to CN

47
Q

the CN affect speech:

A

CN VII:
CN XII:
CN V:
CN X:

48
Q

aphasia

A

impaired spoken language

49
Q

alexia

A

comprehension of written word

50
Q

agraphia

A

ability to write

51
Q

wernickes aphasia

A
  • dx to tempo-parietal junction
  • dx to LEFT
  • impaired language comprehension
  • will speech fluently
  • impairs speaking and hearing
  • “receptive”
  • “sensory”
  • “fluent”
52
Q

fluent

A

when words come out fluently but doesn’t make sense

53
Q

the primary motor cortex has what important tract?

A

corticobrainstem

54
Q

the corticobrainstem does what?

A

tract tht takes primary motor cortex signals to brain stem CN can create speech that was head/thought

55
Q

broca’s aphasia:

A
  • impaired language expression
  • expressive
  • may still say simple/ habitual phrases
  • motor
  • nonfluent
  • writing also impaired
56
Q

therapy :

A
  1. use few words simply language
  2. use few words they have
  3. symbolgie
  4. can point not speech
57
Q

global aphasia:

A 
inability to use language in any form 
impaired comprehension spoken language 
- speaking 
- reading 
- writing 
- large lesion
58
Q

what cerebral artery would affect to create global artery:

A

middle cerebral artery

59
Q

the three schema:

A
  1. the body: related to the body
  2. the body: related to the world
  3. the world: in relation to itself

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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