30 July 2019 Flashcards
amygdala is the
threat sensor
the amygdala has three things:
emotional
impulsive
immediate gratification
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is the
rational part
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has three things:
rational
planning
goal-oriented
the somatic marker does what?
integrates the emotional and rational centers for good decisions
the rational blue part does
action selection systems
social loop
impulsive immediate red part is
reward seeking system
- primal part
five s/s of ventral prefrontal syndrome:
- dis-inhibition
- lack of concern about consequences
- impulsiveness
- inappropriate behaviors
- emotional liability
stress response affects three things?
somatic nervous system autonomic nervous systems neuroendocrine system (adrenal medulla
the neuroendocrine system work on what structure:
adrenal medulla
somatic NS does what?
increases muscle tension
autonomic NS does what?
shunts blood from skin & gut to muscles
neuroendocrine system is what?
epinephrine enhances cardiac function, relaxes intestines, increases metabolic rate
cortisol does five things?
- mobilizes energy -glucose
- suppresses immune system
- turns on anti-inflammatory
- turns on “memory maker” cells in the hippocampus
what type of memory does memory maker affect?
episodic
HPA stands for
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal
stress affects three things:
- somatic NS
- autonomic
- neuroendocrine
finnes gage blew out what and did what?
blew out the frontal lobe
- disconnection between rationale & primal brain
- couldn’t imagine forward
so when you cut off the connection between rational and primal you affect
understanding of social disapproval
become impulse
negative effects of chronic stress :
- increased blood sugar
- immunosuppression
- blood vessel changes (heart attack or stroke)
- damage to cells of the hippocampus
- weaken or break rational control of ipulse
when there is an increase in stress what happens to the amygdala?
it overreacts to threats or perceived threats
when the amygdala overreacts what happens to the frontal lobe?
frontal lobe is less able to insure a socially appropriate response to perceived threat
amygdala - frontal lobe connection short hand:
amygdala is hypersensitive
frontal lobe link is broken
the temporoparietal area has what four things?
- convergent thinking
- communication
- directing attention
- comprehending space (spatial realtions)
convergent thinking is
taking all the information that you learned and boiling it down to
many things to one thing
the dotted line in the picture is what?
temporal / parietal JUNCTION
LEFT hemi affects
creating and understanding language
RIGHT hemi affects
non verbal and paraverbal
what % is it that the left will present the left and the right will present the right
95%
communication has six steps:
- discrimination
- classification
- werinicke’s area
- link
- broca’s area
- primary motor cortex
- discrimination
- temporal lobe
- auditory sensation
- primary cortex
fx: start to discriminate sounds based on pitch /volume
first step of communication is
discrimination
discrimination takes places where
the primary auditory cortex
where is the primary auditory cortex?
the temporal lobe
which lobe does discrimination affect
temporal lobe
- classification
- takes lanuage adn ships to another place
2. everything else it makes meaning out of
def of discrimination
start to distinguish sounds based on pitch / volume
ie of what classification does
distinguishes what foot steps are from doorbell
projection fibers go
up / down
commissural fibers go
side/side
association fibers go
associate 1 lobe w/ another
- front to back
- werneke’s lobe
- tempoparietal junction
- part that understanding speech and language
- link
subcortical connections
what does the link do
connect the wernicke’s area to the broca’s area
- broca’s area is the
motor plan to say the words your thinking
- primary motor cortex:
UMN
Pyramid
project to brainstem to CN
the CN affect speech:
CN VII:
CN XII:
CN V:
CN X:
aphasia
impaired spoken language
alexia
comprehension of written word
agraphia
ability to write
wernickes aphasia
- dx to tempo-parietal junction
- dx to LEFT
- impaired language comprehension
- will speech fluently
- impairs speaking and hearing
- “receptive”
- “sensory”
- “fluent”
fluent
when words come out fluently but doesn’t make sense
the primary motor cortex has what important tract?
corticobrainstem
the corticobrainstem does what?
tract tht takes primary motor cortex signals to brain stem CN can create speech that was head/thought
broca’s aphasia:
- impaired language expression
- expressive
- may still say simple/ habitual phrases
- motor
- nonfluent
- writing also impaired
therapy :
- use few words simply language
- use few words they have
- symbolgie
- can point not speech
global aphasia:
inability to use language in any form impaired comprehension spoken language - speaking - reading - writing - large lesion
what cerebral artery would affect to create global artery:
middle cerebral artery
the three schema:
- the body: related to the body
- the body: related to the world
- the world: in relation to itself
