19 JUNE

Question 1

is it possible to move voluntarily without somatosensation?

Answer 1

yes of course but it would be terrible!

Question 2

where does conscious relay happen?

Answer 2

the cerebral cortex

Question 3

where do divergent pathways happen?

Answer 3

many location in brain stem and cerebrum

Question 4

what type of pathways are divergent?

Answer 4

BOTH conscious and nonconscious

Question 5

where does nonconscious relay happen?

Answer 5

the cerebellum

Question 6

what are high fidelity pathways?

Answer 6

high degree of “body map” locatization
body map = “somatotopic
ie: light touch sensation (conscious relay)

Question 7

what are the three types of pathways to the brain?

Answer 7

conscious relay
divergent
nonconscious relay

Question 8

what are the two types of fidelity?

Answer 8

high fidelity

low fidelity

Question 9

low fidelity:

Answer 9

low degree of “body map” organization

ie: spino-emotional pain (divergent)

Question 10

what are the two types of neurons in pathways?

Answer 10

projection neurons

interneurons

Question 11

what modalities are in the conscious relay pathways to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 11

touch
proprioception (conscious component)
pain
temperature

Question 12

what does the conscious relay pathway use to communicate?

Answer 12

spinal cord tracts

Question 13

what are the two types of spinal cord tracts?

Answer 13

dorsal columns

anterolateral columns

Question 14

what do dorsal columns take in?

Answer 14

conscious touch and proprioception

Question 15

what do anterolateral columns take in?

Answer 15

conscious pain and temperature

Question 16

discriminative touch is apart of what?

Answer 16

conscious proprioception

Question 17

what pathway does discriminative touch use?

Answer 17

dorsal column / medial lemniscus pathway

Question 18

what pathway is the dorsal column / medial lemniscus pathway?

Answer 18

a three neuron pathway
1st order
2nd order
3rd order

Question 19

break down the three neuron pathway of the dorsal column:

Answer 19

1st order = sensory receptors to the caudal medulla
2nd order = caudal medulla to thalamus
3rd order = thalamus to cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus)

Question 20

1st order is what?

Answer 20

sensory receptors to caudal medulla

Question 21

2nd order is

Answer 21

caudal medulla to the thalamus (cross)

Question 22

3rd order is

Answer 22

thalamus to cerebral cortex (post central gyrus)

Question 23

ventral horn has what

Answer 23

the spinal level muscle reflex

Question 24

the lateral column has what?

Answer 24

unconscious proprioception

Question 25

list the three neuron pathway for discriminative pain and temperature:

Answer 25

``` 1 = free nerve endings to dorsal horn 2 = dorsal horn to thalamus 3 = thalamus to cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus) ```

Question 26

where does discriminative pain and temperature take place?

Answer 26

anterolateral column

Question 27

what pathway is discriminative pain and temperature

Answer 27

spinothalamic pathway (lateral pain system)

Question 28

what type of fiber is discriminative pain and temperature

Answer 28

a -delta fiber

Question 29

what type of feelings i discriminative pain and temperature:

Answer 29

"fast" (sharp discriminative) pain and temp | "coarse" touch

Question 30

divergent is located where?

Answer 30

many locations in the brainstem and cerebrum

Question 31

divergent is controls what?

Answer 31

emotional and autonomic responses

Question 32

divergent pathways have how many neuron pathways?

Answer 32

2 or 3 : - spinoreticular - 2 - spinomesencephalic -2 - spino-emotional - 3

Question 33

where do divergent pathways take place?

Answer 33

anterolateral column

Question 34

what type of pain is divergent?

Answer 34

"medial" pain system

Question 35

what type of neuron is divergent pathway

Answer 35

C fiber - first order neuron

Question 36

what type of pain is divergent?

Answer 36

"slow" (dull, aching) pain "plus..."

Question 37

where does the spinoreticular go?

Answer 37

midbrain pons, and medulla: | reticular formation

Question 38

where does the spinomesencephalic go?

Answer 38

midbrain: periaqueductal gray

Question 39

where does the spino-emotional go?

Answer 39

thalamus: midline and intralaminar nuclei

Question 40

the ventral horn has

Answer 40

spinal level muscle reflex

Question 41

lateral column

Answer 41

unconscious proprioception

Question 42

incoming a-delta will do what?

Answer 42

SPLIT

Question 43

the emotional / autonimc response are what?

Answer 43

divergent

Question 44

if there are two neuron pathways in the emotional/ auonomic pathways that means

Answer 44

the neuron didn't go to the cebral cortex

Question 45

if there are thee neurons pathways in teh emotioanl adn autonomic response it means

Answer 45

that the neuron did go to the cerebral cortex

Question 46

spinoemotional ends where?

Answer 46

the limbic lobe

Question 47

c fiber belongs where :

Answer 47

emotional and autonomic responses

Question 48

the a -delta fiber belongs where:

Answer 48

discriminative pain and temperature

Question 49

what does the spinoemotional do?

Answer 49

regulates emotional and autonomic messages

Question 50

peripheral sensization

Answer 50

gets lower thresholds for APs in neurons

Question 51

the spinothalamic pathway has what neuron?

Answer 51

glutamate (fast)

Question 52

divergent pathway has what neuron?

Answer 52

substance p (slow)

Question 53

fast pain is what:

Answer 53

``` superficial "sharp" move away from pain a-delta fiber spinothalamic pathway ```

Question 54

slow pain is

Answer 54

``` deep "dull, aching" rest to recover c fiber divergent pathways ```

Question 55

problems with pain occur when:

Answer 55

pain severely limits function | pain persists beyond the time necessary (expected) for tissue healing

Question 56

the pain matrix def:

Answer 56

structures that process and regulating pain and are capable of creating pain perception in the absence of nociceptive input:

Question 57

sensory-discriminative aspects occur where?

Answer 57

spinothalamic pathway

Question 58

motivation-affective aspects occur where?

Answer 58

spino-emotiona, spinoreticular pathways

Question 59

cognitive-evaluative aspects occur where?

Answer 59

prefrontal lobes of the cerebral cortex

Question 60

antinociception is

Answer 60

top-down inhibition of pain signals

Question 61

pronocicpetion is

Answer 61

top-down amplification of pain signals

Question 62

what are the four states of dorsal horn processing?

Answer 62

normal supressed sensitized reorganized

Question 63

sensitized dorsal horn processing is

Answer 63

temporary and neuropathic

Question 64

reorganized dorsal horn processing is

Answer 64

persistent and neuropathic

Question 65

what are the sites of antinociception?

Answer 65

1. periphery 2. dorsal horn 3. midbrain descending 4. hormonal 5. amygdala and cortex

Question 66

chronic pain def:

Answer 66

pain that extends beyond the time expected for normal tissue healing

Question 67

nociceptive pain is

Answer 67

continuing pain stimulus | pain neurons functioning normally

Question 68

neuropathic pain is

Answer 68

no continuing pain stimulus | pain neurons typically NOT functioning normally

Question 69

what is the cause of acute pain?

Answer 69

threat of or actual tissue damage

Question 70

causes of chronic pain are?

Answer 70

continuing tissue damage environmental factors (operant conditioning) sensitization of nociceptive pathway neurons dysfunction of endogenous pain control system