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Neuroscience > 19 JUNE > Flashcards

19 JUNE Flashcards

1
Q

is it possible to move voluntarily without somatosensation?

A

yes of course but it would be terrible!

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2
Q

where does conscious relay happen?

A

the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

where do divergent pathways happen?

A

many location in brain stem and cerebrum

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4
Q

what type of pathways are divergent?

A

BOTH conscious and nonconscious

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5
Q

where does nonconscious relay happen?

A

the cerebellum

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6
Q

what are high fidelity pathways?

A

high degree of “body map” locatization
body map = “somatotopic
ie: light touch sensation (conscious relay)

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7
Q

what are the three types of pathways to the brain?

A

conscious relay
divergent
nonconscious relay

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8
Q

what are the two types of fidelity?

A

high fidelity

low fidelity

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9
Q

low fidelity:

A

low degree of “body map” organization

ie: spino-emotional pain (divergent)

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10
Q

what are the two types of neurons in pathways?

A

projection neurons

interneurons

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11
Q

what modalities are in the conscious relay pathways to the cerebral cortex?

A

touch
proprioception (conscious component)
pain
temperature

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12
Q

what does the conscious relay pathway use to communicate?

A

spinal cord tracts

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13
Q

what are the two types of spinal cord tracts?

A

dorsal columns

anterolateral columns

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14
Q

what do dorsal columns take in?

A

conscious touch and proprioception

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15
Q

what do anterolateral columns take in?

A

conscious pain and temperature

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16
Q

discriminative touch is apart of what?

A

conscious proprioception

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17
Q

what pathway does discriminative touch use?

A

dorsal column / medial lemniscus pathway

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18
Q

what pathway is the dorsal column / medial lemniscus pathway?

A

a three neuron pathway
1st order
2nd order
3rd order

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19
Q

break down the three neuron pathway of the dorsal column:

A

1st order = sensory receptors to the caudal medulla
2nd order = caudal medulla to thalamus
3rd order = thalamus to cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus)

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20
Q

1st order is what?

A

sensory receptors to caudal medulla

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21
Q

2nd order is

A

caudal medulla to the thalamus (cross)

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22
Q

3rd order is

A

thalamus to cerebral cortex (post central gyrus)

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23
Q

ventral horn has what

A

the spinal level muscle reflex

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24
Q

the lateral column has what?

A

unconscious proprioception

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25
Q

list the three neuron pathway for discriminative pain and temperature:

A 
1 = free nerve endings to dorsal horn 
2 = dorsal horn to thalamus 
3 = thalamus to cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus)
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26
Q

where does discriminative pain and temperature take place?

A

anterolateral column

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27
Q

what pathway is discriminative pain and temperature

A

spinothalamic pathway (lateral pain system)

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28
Q

what type of fiber is discriminative pain and temperature

A

a -delta fiber

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29
Q

what type of feelings i discriminative pain and temperature:

A

“fast” (sharp discriminative) pain and temp

“coarse” touch

30
Q

divergent is located where?

A

many locations in the brainstem and cerebrum

31
Q

divergent is controls what?

A

emotional and autonomic responses

32
Q

divergent pathways have how many neuron pathways?

A

2 or 3 :

  • spinoreticular - 2
  • spinomesencephalic -2
  • spino-emotional - 3
33
Q

where do divergent pathways take place?

A

anterolateral column

34
Q

what type of pain is divergent?

A

“medial” pain system

35
Q

what type of neuron is divergent pathway

A

C fiber - first order neuron

36
Q

what type of pain is divergent?

A

“slow” (dull, aching) pain “plus…”

37
Q

where does the spinoreticular go?

A

midbrain pons, and medulla:

reticular formation

38
Q

where does the spinomesencephalic go?

A

midbrain: periaqueductal gray

39
Q

where does the spino-emotional go?

A

thalamus: midline and intralaminar nuclei

40
Q

the ventral horn has

A

spinal level muscle reflex

41
Q

lateral column

A

unconscious proprioception

42
Q

incoming a-delta will do what?

A

SPLIT

43
Q

the emotional / autonimc response are what?

A

divergent

44
Q

if there are two neuron pathways in the emotional/ auonomic pathways that means

A

the neuron didn’t go to the cebral cortex

45
Q

if there are thee neurons pathways in teh emotioanl adn autonomic response it means

A

that the neuron did go to the cerebral cortex

46
Q

spinoemotional ends where?

A

the limbic lobe

47
Q

c fiber belongs where :

A

emotional and autonomic responses

48
Q

the a -delta fiber belongs where:

A

discriminative pain and temperature

49
Q

what does the spinoemotional do?

A

regulates emotional and autonomic messages

50
Q

peripheral sensization

A

gets lower thresholds for APs in neurons

51
Q

the spinothalamic pathway has what neuron?

A

glutamate (fast)

52
Q

divergent pathway has what neuron?

A

substance p (slow)

53
Q

fast pain is what:

A 
superficial 
"sharp" 
move away from pain 
a-delta fiber 
spinothalamic pathway
54
Q

slow pain is

A 
deep 
"dull, aching" 
rest to recover 
c fiber 
divergent pathways
55
Q

problems with pain occur when:

A

pain severely limits function

pain persists beyond the time necessary (expected) for tissue healing

56
Q

the pain matrix def:

A

structures that process and regulating pain and are capable of creating pain perception in the absence of nociceptive input:

57
Q

sensory-discriminative aspects occur where?

A

spinothalamic pathway

58
Q

motivation-affective aspects occur where?

A

spino-emotiona, spinoreticular pathways

59
Q

cognitive-evaluative aspects occur where?

A

prefrontal lobes of the cerebral cortex

60
Q

antinociception is

A

top-down inhibition of pain signals

61
Q

pronocicpetion is

A

top-down amplification of pain signals

62
Q

what are the four states of dorsal horn processing?

A

normal
supressed
sensitized
reorganized

63
Q

sensitized dorsal horn processing is

A

temporary and neuropathic

64
Q

reorganized dorsal horn processing is

A

persistent and neuropathic

65
Q

what are the sites of antinociception?

A
  1. periphery
  2. dorsal horn
  3. midbrain descending
  4. hormonal
  5. amygdala and cortex
66
Q

chronic pain def:

A

pain that extends beyond the time expected for normal tissue healing

67
Q

nociceptive pain is

A

continuing pain stimulus

pain neurons functioning normally

68
Q

neuropathic pain is

A

no continuing pain stimulus

pain neurons typically NOT functioning normally

69
Q

what is the cause of acute pain?

A

threat of or actual tissue damage

70
Q

causes of chronic pain are?

A

continuing tissue damage
environmental factors (operant conditioning)
sensitization of nociceptive pathway neurons
dysfunction of endogenous pain control system

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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