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Neuroscience > 24 JUNE 2019 > Flashcards

24 JUNE 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

nocioceptors

A

free nerve endings that detect pain with normal deplorazation

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2
Q

sensory discriminative aspect involves

A

the spinothalamic path

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3
Q

motivational affective parts involve

A

spinoemotional and spinoreticular

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4
Q

cognitive evaluative involves

A

prefrontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

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5
Q

antinociception:

A

top down approach to inhibit pain signals

distract or turn down

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6
Q

propnocipetion

A

top down approach to amplify pain signals

turn up

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7
Q

neuropathy

A

injury of the neural pathway that causes pain

sick nerves

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8
Q

counterirritant theory:

A

by activating a-beta inhibitory inter neuron to close synaptic gate in dorsal horn

an irritant is (tissue death that causes deplorazation of free nerve endings) in order to stop the free nerve endings form being depolarized you add deplorazation of a -beta which is from light touch

  • so rubbing = closing gate
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9
Q

a synapse is a place where

A

you can turn up or down a signal

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10
Q

synapses in the dorsal horn have what two different types of neurons:

A

damage / pain

simple touch

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11
Q

what is the gate theory?

A

the gate theory is that there are two neuron pathways in the dorsal horn connected by a tiny inter neuron

when that inter neuron is turned open the “gate” open and turns up the pain receptors

close “gate” and the pain turns off

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12
Q

what are two ways we can turn the gate theory on / off

A

mentally and pharmacological

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13
Q

what are the four states of the dorsal horn synapse

A

normal
supressed
sensitized
reorganized

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14
Q

a normal dorsal horn synapse will

A

deploraize APs get pass on

you know you got hurt

get AP from damaging stimulus

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15
Q

a suppressed dorsal horn synapse:

A

can’t pass APs as easily: temporary turning down the signal

- suppressed synapse w/ rub or pharmacological ways

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16
Q

a sensitized dorsal horn synapse is

A

TEMPORARY
easier for pain to be crossed in the synapse
**neuropathetic
the presynpatic releases more neurotransmitters with every AP

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17
Q

a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:

A

PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed

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18
Q

a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:

A

PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed

19
Q

what are the five sites of the antinoception

A
  1. periphery
  2. dorsal horn
  3. midbrain descending
  4. hormonal
  5. cortex & amygdala
20
Q

in the periphery

A

free nerve ending (c-fiber) depolarize to cause pain

21
Q

how do we stop pain at the periphery?

A

we do anything to decrease depolarization of the free nerve endings soooo

  1. mechanical stimulus
  2. decrease inflammation
22
Q

in the dorsal horn

A

there is a synapse were pain signals are fired to go to the brain

23
Q

what are ways we can stop pain in the dorsal horn?

A

TENs unit
rub it where it hurts
movement

24
Q

how does movement decrease pain?

A

when we move we activate mechnoreceptors = feel touch when you move so shuts down c-fibers w/ a-beta

25
Q

what are the two parts of the midbrain descending?

A

raphespinal tract

ceruleospinal tract

26
Q

what does the midbrain descending do?

A

turns on pain -pathway in grey neuron of the periaqueduct

27
Q

how do we decrease pain in the midbrain descending

A

pain medication
- activate his midbrain to sp. cord pathway to inhibit synaptic messages
we can think this pathway close

28
Q

what does the hormonal part do?

A

sends pain from the pituatury glad

29
Q

how do we decrease pain in the hormonal region?

A

disrupt endigoneous opoids
strong low rate
aerobic exercise

30
Q

what is the cortex & amygdala in charge of?

A

subcortical emotion and circulatory systems : all part of the primal brain

31
Q

what does the cortex do?

A

its the cognitive evaluative piece of pain: determines the stimulus dependent on the threat level
- if there is high enough threat level then we mobilize against it

32
Q

what do we do to decrease pain in the amygdala?

A

think your way through
placebo affect
supportive environment

33
Q

where does propnocioception mostly happen?

A

the periphery

and amygadala

34
Q

chronic pain is

A

pain that extends beyond the expected time for the tissue damage

35
Q

nociceptive is

A

a continuing pain stimulus
depolarizes free nerve endings
pain neurons functioning normally

36
Q

neuropathetic is

A

no continuing pain stimulus
not able to detect
pain neurons are NOT functioning normally

37
Q

acute pain vs chronic pain

A

threat of actual tissue damage = acute

continuing tissue damage = chronic pain

38
Q

what does operant conditioning do?

A

= thinking it into pain
- sensitization of nociceptive pathway neurons
dysfunction of endogenous pain system

39
Q

what are three non nonciceptive pains?

A

neuropathetic pain
central sensitivity syndromes
pain syndromes

40
Q

parasthetsia:

A

non painful sensory messages that arises in abense of sensory receptors stimulation
spontaneous or evoked

41
Q

dysethesia:

A

unpleasant/ painful sensory stimulus

evoked or spontaneous

42
Q

allodynia:

A

unpleasant feeling from a stimulus that would not be painful otherwise

43
Q

secondary hyperalegesia:

A

higher than normal pain

-pain that is out of proportion to stimulus that is being created

44
Q

alodynia and secondary hyperalegesia are what?

A

neuropathetic

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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