24 JUNE 2019 Flashcards
nocioceptors
free nerve endings that detect pain with normal deplorazation
sensory discriminative aspect involves
the spinothalamic path
motivational affective parts involve
spinoemotional and spinoreticular
cognitive evaluative involves
prefrontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
antinociception:
top down approach to inhibit pain signals
distract or turn down
propnocipetion
top down approach to amplify pain signals
turn up
neuropathy
injury of the neural pathway that causes pain
sick nerves
counterirritant theory:
by activating a-beta inhibitory inter neuron to close synaptic gate in dorsal horn
an irritant is (tissue death that causes deplorazation of free nerve endings) in order to stop the free nerve endings form being depolarized you add deplorazation of a -beta which is from light touch
- so rubbing = closing gate
a synapse is a place where
you can turn up or down a signal
synapses in the dorsal horn have what two different types of neurons:
damage / pain
simple touch
what is the gate theory?
the gate theory is that there are two neuron pathways in the dorsal horn connected by a tiny inter neuron
when that inter neuron is turned open the “gate” open and turns up the pain receptors
close “gate” and the pain turns off
what are two ways we can turn the gate theory on / off
mentally and pharmacological
what are the four states of the dorsal horn synapse
normal
supressed
sensitized
reorganized
a normal dorsal horn synapse will
deploraize APs get pass on
you know you got hurt
get AP from damaging stimulus
a suppressed dorsal horn synapse:
can’t pass APs as easily: temporary turning down the signal
- suppressed synapse w/ rub or pharmacological ways
a sensitized dorsal horn synapse is
TEMPORARY
easier for pain to be crossed in the synapse
**neuropathetic
the presynpatic releases more neurotransmitters with every AP
a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:
PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed
a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:
PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed
what are the five sites of the antinoception
- periphery
- dorsal horn
- midbrain descending
- hormonal
- cortex & amygdala
in the periphery
free nerve ending (c-fiber) depolarize to cause pain
how do we stop pain at the periphery?
we do anything to decrease depolarization of the free nerve endings soooo
- mechanical stimulus
- decrease inflammation
in the dorsal horn
there is a synapse were pain signals are fired to go to the brain
what are ways we can stop pain in the dorsal horn?
TENs unit
rub it where it hurts
movement
how does movement decrease pain?
when we move we activate mechnoreceptors = feel touch when you move so shuts down c-fibers w/ a-beta
what are the two parts of the midbrain descending?
raphespinal tract
ceruleospinal tract
what does the midbrain descending do?
turns on pain -pathway in grey neuron of the periaqueduct
how do we decrease pain in the midbrain descending
pain medication
- activate his midbrain to sp. cord pathway to inhibit synaptic messages
we can think this pathway close
what does the hormonal part do?
sends pain from the pituatury glad
how do we decrease pain in the hormonal region?
disrupt endigoneous opoids
strong low rate
aerobic exercise
what is the cortex & amygdala in charge of?
subcortical emotion and circulatory systems : all part of the primal brain
what does the cortex do?
its the cognitive evaluative piece of pain: determines the stimulus dependent on the threat level
- if there is high enough threat level then we mobilize against it
what do we do to decrease pain in the amygdala?
think your way through
placebo affect
supportive environment
where does propnocioception mostly happen?
the periphery
and amygadala
chronic pain is
pain that extends beyond the expected time for the tissue damage
nociceptive is
a continuing pain stimulus
depolarizes free nerve endings
pain neurons functioning normally
neuropathetic is
no continuing pain stimulus
not able to detect
pain neurons are NOT functioning normally
acute pain vs chronic pain
threat of actual tissue damage = acute
continuing tissue damage = chronic pain
what does operant conditioning do?
= thinking it into pain
- sensitization of nociceptive pathway neurons
dysfunction of endogenous pain system
what are three non nonciceptive pains?
neuropathetic pain
central sensitivity syndromes
pain syndromes
parasthetsia:
non painful sensory messages that arises in abense of sensory receptors stimulation
spontaneous or evoked
dysethesia:
unpleasant/ painful sensory stimulus
evoked or spontaneous
allodynia:
unpleasant feeling from a stimulus that would not be painful otherwise
secondary hyperalegesia:
higher than normal pain
-pain that is out of proportion to stimulus that is being created
alodynia and secondary hyperalegesia are what?
neuropathetic
