24 JUNE 2019

Question 1

nocioceptors

Answer 1

free nerve endings that detect pain with normal deplorazation

Question 2

sensory discriminative aspect involves

Answer 2

the spinothalamic path

Question 3

motivational affective parts involve

Answer 3

spinoemotional and spinoreticular

Question 4

cognitive evaluative involves

Answer 4

prefrontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

Question 5

antinociception:

Answer 5

top down approach to inhibit pain signals

distract or turn down

Question 6

propnocipetion

Answer 6

top down approach to amplify pain signals

turn up

Question 7

neuropathy

Answer 7

injury of the neural pathway that causes pain

sick nerves

Question 8

counterirritant theory:

Answer 8

by activating a-beta inhibitory inter neuron to close synaptic gate in dorsal horn

an irritant is (tissue death that causes deplorazation of free nerve endings) in order to stop the free nerve endings form being depolarized you add deplorazation of a -beta which is from light touch

• so rubbing = closing gate

Question 9

a synapse is a place where

Answer 9

you can turn up or down a signal

Question 10

synapses in the dorsal horn have what two different types of neurons:

Answer 10

damage / pain

simple touch

Question 11

what is the gate theory?

Answer 11

the gate theory is that there are two neuron pathways in the dorsal horn connected by a tiny inter neuron

when that inter neuron is turned open the “gate” open and turns up the pain receptors

close “gate” and the pain turns off

Question 12

what are two ways we can turn the gate theory on / off

Answer 12

mentally and pharmacological

Question 13

what are the four states of the dorsal horn synapse

Answer 13

normal
supressed
sensitized
reorganized

Question 14

a normal dorsal horn synapse will

Answer 14

deploraize APs get pass on

you know you got hurt

get AP from damaging stimulus

Question 15

a suppressed dorsal horn synapse:

Answer 15

can’t pass APs as easily: temporary turning down the signal

- suppressed synapse w/ rub or pharmacological ways

Question 16

a sensitized dorsal horn synapse is

Answer 16

TEMPORARY
easier for pain to be crossed in the synapse
**neuropathetic
the presynpatic releases more neurotransmitters with every AP

Question 17

a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:

Answer 17

PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed

Question 18

a reorganized dorsal horn synapse is:

Answer 18

PERSISTENT
easier for pain to be crossed in the synpase
**neurpathetic
uses methods like LTP to reorganize the membrane so that it is easier to be crossed

Question 19

what are the five sites of the antinoception

Answer 19

1. periphery
2. dorsal horn
3. midbrain descending
4. hormonal
5. cortex & amygdala

Question 20

in the periphery

Answer 20

free nerve ending (c-fiber) depolarize to cause pain

Question 21

how do we stop pain at the periphery?

Answer 21

we do anything to decrease depolarization of the free nerve endings soooo

1. mechanical stimulus
2. decrease inflammation

Question 22

in the dorsal horn

Answer 22

there is a synapse were pain signals are fired to go to the brain

Question 23

what are ways we can stop pain in the dorsal horn?

Answer 23

TENs unit
rub it where it hurts
movement

Question 24

how does movement decrease pain?

Answer 24

when we move we activate mechnoreceptors = feel touch when you move so shuts down c-fibers w/ a-beta

Question 25

what are the two parts of the midbrain descending?

Answer 25

raphespinal tract | ceruleospinal tract

Question 26

what does the midbrain descending do?

Answer 26

turns on pain -pathway in grey neuron of the periaqueduct

Question 27

how do we decrease pain in the midbrain descending

Answer 27

pain medication - activate his midbrain to sp. cord pathway to inhibit synaptic messages we can think this pathway close

Question 28

what does the hormonal part do?

Answer 28

sends pain from the pituatury glad

Question 29

how do we decrease pain in the hormonal region?

Answer 29

disrupt endigoneous opoids strong low rate aerobic exercise

Question 30

what is the cortex & amygdala in charge of?

Answer 30

subcortical emotion and circulatory systems : all part of the primal brain

Question 31

what does the cortex do?

Answer 31

its the cognitive evaluative piece of pain: determines the stimulus dependent on the threat level - if there is high enough threat level then we mobilize against it

Question 32

what do we do to decrease pain in the amygdala?

Answer 32

think your way through placebo affect supportive environment

Question 33

where does propnocioception mostly happen?

Answer 33

the periphery | and amygadala

Question 34

chronic pain is

Answer 34

pain that extends beyond the expected time for the tissue damage

Question 35

nociceptive is

Answer 35

a continuing pain stimulus depolarizes free nerve endings pain neurons functioning normally

Question 36

neuropathetic is

Answer 36

no continuing pain stimulus not able to detect pain neurons are NOT functioning normally

Question 37

acute pain vs chronic pain

Answer 37

threat of actual tissue damage = acute | continuing tissue damage = chronic pain

Question 38

what does operant conditioning do?

Answer 38

= thinking it into pain - sensitization of nociceptive pathway neurons dysfunction of endogenous pain system

Question 39

what are three non nonciceptive pains?

Answer 39

neuropathetic pain central sensitivity syndromes pain syndromes

Question 40

parasthetsia:

Answer 40

non painful sensory messages that arises in abense of sensory receptors stimulation spontaneous or evoked

Question 41

dysethesia:

Answer 41

unpleasant/ painful sensory stimulus | evoked or spontaneous

Question 42

allodynia:

Answer 42

unpleasant feeling from a stimulus that would not be painful otherwise

Question 43

secondary hyperalegesia:

Answer 43

higher than normal pain | -pain that is out of proportion to stimulus that is being created

Question 44

alodynia and secondary hyperalegesia are what?

Answer 44

neuropathetic