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Neuroscience > 15 JULY > Flashcards

15 JULY Flashcards

1
Q

brainstem:

A

1-2

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2
Q

midbrain

A

3-4

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3
Q

pons

A

5-8

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4
Q

medulla

A

9-12

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5
Q

overall four fx of the cranial nerves

A

motor innervation
somatosensory
special senses
parasympathetic control

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6
Q

corticobrainstem trarct

A

crosses midline

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7
Q

corticobrainstem tract always present

A

ipslaterally

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8
Q

so CN always present

A

ipslaterally

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9
Q

CN are also called

A

corticobulbr

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10
Q

corticobrainstem tract are defined as two things

A

peripheral sensory

LMN

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11
Q

CN I:

A

olfactory nerve

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12
Q

olfacotry has what tract

A

insular cortex amygdala paranippocranial gyrus

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13
Q

dsyfx of CN I

A

olfactory

- losses sense of smell

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14
Q

overall how can CNs get damaged

A
  1. MVA : get sheered
  2. concussion if big enough
  3. surgery
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15
Q

pt with CN I dsfx complain of

A

their food not tasting the same

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16
Q

CN II:

A

optic nerve

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17
Q

the optic nerve def:

A

bundle of axons in the retina: retina ganlgia cells

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18
Q

optic nerve tract goes from

A

retina to the X

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19
Q

dsyfx of CN II ;

A

optic : visual acuity - sight

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20
Q

why is the CN V: trigeminal so BIG?

A

because it has a high density of fine disciminative sensation

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21
Q

list the cranial nerves of extraocular Mm

A

III: oculomotor
IV: trochlear
VI: abducens

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22
Q

CN III?

A

oculomotor

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23
Q

CN IV?

A

trochlear

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24
Q

CN VI?

A

ABducens

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25
Q

CN V?

A

trigeminal

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26
Q

trochelar does what?

A

IV - turns eyes toward the tip of the nose : down and in

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27
Q

ABducens does what?

A

VI - turns eyes straight to the side: ABduct in straight plane

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28
Q

oculomotor does what?

A

III - turns eyes everywhere else that wasn’t mentioned in IV or VI

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29
Q

Trigeminal affects what sensory modalities

A
  1. discriminative touch
  2. proprioception
  3. disc. pain
  4. divergent pain
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30
Q

CN V heads in what direction

A

in (trigeminal)

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31
Q

CN VII: heads in what direction

A

out (facial)

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32
Q

the difference in function for clearing out the eyes in CN V / VII

A

CN V: sense an irritant

CN VII: gets rid of the irritant

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33
Q

CN V: trigeminal feeds what area of the body

A

just kenny’s face

so the anterior portion of your face

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34
Q

if you poke a pt’s eye and there is no response but they can blink with voluntary control this means that

A

CN V: trigeminal is broken

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35
Q

if a pt doesn’t have voluntary control of closing eye lid then that means

A

CN VII: facial is broken

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36
Q

how do you test CN VII:

A

make faces = facial expressions

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37
Q

CN V also does what motor function?

A

massetication :

- chewing and talking

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38
Q

CN VII?

A

facial nerve

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39
Q

the facial nerve VII innervates what?

A 
tongue 
pharynx 
little piece of the ear 
glands: 
-  salivary 
-  nasal 
-  lacrimal
40
Q

a peripheral motor neuron dx presents:

A

iplsateral paralysis

41
Q

bells palsy def:

A

paralysis of facial expression some from fo dx of facial n VII

42
Q

difference between a stroke and bells palsey ?

A

bells palsey : paralysis of whole face (1/2) upper and lower
stroke: paralysis of half face (1/4) lower

43
Q

CN VIII?

A

vestibulocochlear

44
Q

the vestibulocochlear has two parts?

A
  1. equilibrium ; vestibulo part

2. hearing ; cochlear part

45
Q

the vestibulocochlear does three things?

A
  1. transduction of sound
  2. turns “air waves” into “water waves”
  3. each part of the cochlea is “tuned” to a particular frequency
46
Q

so the WIDE portion of the cochlea is

A

slow waves

low frequence

47
Q

so the NARROW portion of the cochlea is

A

fast waves

high frequency

48
Q

the forehead has what innervation

A

bilateral UMN

49
Q

dysfx of hearing can be because of three things:

A

conducture: outer middle
ear wax: muffled sounds from bones of middle ear can’t flex
converting air to water

50
Q

auditory info comes from two things:

A

orientating to sound and visual

51
Q

the inferior colliculus does what?

A

orients head and eyes to sound

52
Q

the reticular formation

A

adjusts arousal to sound

53
Q

what orients the head to the sound

A

inferior colliculus

54
Q

what adjusts the arousal to sound

A

reticular formation

55
Q

conscious awareness and recognition o sound comes from

A

pharynx auditory cortex

and medial geniculate body

56
Q

how does distance and sound work?

A

so the head gets bilateral projections to form 360*

it measures out the distance by when the sound hit what ear first

57
Q

sound ends in the

A

temporal lobe

58
Q

sensorineural loss is due to two things:

A

dead hair cells

cochlear N APs can’t get through

59
Q

tinnitus

A

rining in the ear

60
Q

why does tinnitus occur

A

the inner ear is sending APs when there is no stimulus

- indicates something is irritated

61
Q

the swallow reflex vs. gag reflex

A 
swallow = lets thing in 
gag = kicks them out
62
Q

cartoid sinus helps us

A

determine blood pressure

63
Q

CN IX:

A

glossopharnygeal

64
Q

the glossopharyngeal handles five things?

A
  1. somatosensation
  2. taste in 1/3 tongue
  3. carotid sinus
  4. pharyngeal muscle
  5. parotid salivary gland
65
Q

importance of taste in the CN IX : glossopharyngeal

A

lets the brain know that there is something there:
hello! swallow me!
starts the swallow or gag reflex

66
Q

the swallow/ gag reflex would be damaged by what cranial nerve?

A

CN IX: glossopharyngeal

67
Q

what somatosensation does cranial nerve IX work on?

A

glossopharyngeal :

  • soft palate
  • phayrnx
  • afferent swallow gag reflex
68
Q

dsfx in CN IX would cause:

A

glossopharyngeal
1. diminished swallow/gag
decreased salvation

69
Q

CN X?

A

VAGUS

70
Q

the vagus nerve innervates what two things?

A

pharynx

larynx

71
Q

the vagus nerve gives afferent signals to what two things?

A

the abdominal visceral organs

72
Q

together there are four things the vagus nerve works on?

A
  1. efferent
    - pharynx
    - larynx
  2. afferent
    - abdominal
    - heart (visceral org)
73
Q

list the four dsfx of the CN X: vagus

A
  1. difficulty speakng: hoarse voice
  2. difficulty swallowing
  3. asymmetric elevation of soft palate
  4. poor digestion
74
Q

the difference in dx to one side / both side of UVULA:

A

both side : whole thing won’t elevate

one side: asymmetrical elevation

75
Q

what is the UVULA:

A

punching bag in the back of the throat

76
Q

when you go “ahhhh” at the doctors you are testing what nerve?

A

CN X: Vagus

77
Q

constipation by indicate what nerve damage?

A

CN X: Vagus

78
Q

CN XI?

A

spinal accessory

79
Q

spinal accessory innervates what two things?

A

striated mus attached to head:

  1. sternocleidomastoid
  2. trapezius
80
Q

difference between testing sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A 
sternocl. = test lying down 
trap = can tell standing up
81
Q

dsyfx of CN XI:

A

spinal accessory:

the weak muscle that it innervated: striated muscle attached to the head

82
Q

CN XII???

A

hypoglossal

83
Q

dsfx from CN XII?

A

hypoglossal
speaking
swallowing

84
Q

if you dx the hypoglossal the tongue will do what

and it indicates what?

A

the tongue sticks out and the side that it sticks out towards the weak side

85
Q

list the three stages of swallowing and the CNs that go into that one

A

oral: V, VII, XII
pharygneal: IX, X
esophageal: X

86
Q

what does CN V do for swallowing?

A

trigmeninal: moves food up and down

87
Q

what does CN VII do for swallowing?

A

facial: keeps mouth close to keep food inside

88
Q

what does CN XII do for swallowing?

A

moves food side to side so food can get mash

89
Q

what does CN IX do for swallowing?

A

ask the brain if its ok to swallow

90
Q

what does CN X do for swallowing?

A

starts swallow takes care of peristalsis in the mouth for bolus

91
Q

dsyphagia is

A

the difficulty swallowing

92
Q

dysarthria

A

inability to speak

93
Q

larynx is innervated by

A

CN X: vagus

94
Q

soft palate is innerved by:

A

CN X: vagus

95
Q

jaw is innervated by:

A

CN V; trigeminal

96
Q

lips are innervated by:

A

CN VII: facial

97
Q

tongue is innervated by

A

CN XII: hypoglossal

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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