15 JULY Flashcards
1
Q
brainstem:
A
1-2
2
Q
midbrain
A
3-4
3
Q
pons
A
5-8
4
Q
medulla
A
9-12
5
Q
overall four fx of the cranial nerves
A
motor innervation
somatosensory
special senses
parasympathetic control
6
Q
corticobrainstem trarct
A
crosses midline
7
Q
corticobrainstem tract always present
A
ipslaterally
8
Q
so CN always present
A
ipslaterally
9
Q
CN are also called
A
corticobulbr
10
Q
corticobrainstem tract are defined as two things
A
peripheral sensory
LMN
11
Q
CN I:
A
olfactory nerve
12
Q
olfacotry has what tract
A
insular cortex amygdala paranippocranial gyrus
13
Q
dsyfx of CN I
A
olfactory
- losses sense of smell
14
Q
overall how can CNs get damaged
A
- MVA : get sheered
- concussion if big enough
- surgery
15
Q
pt with CN I dsfx complain of
A
their food not tasting the same
16
Q
CN II:
A
optic nerve
17
Q
the optic nerve def:
A
bundle of axons in the retina: retina ganlgia cells
18
Q
optic nerve tract goes from
A
retina to the X
19
Q
dsyfx of CN II ;
A
optic : visual acuity - sight
20
Q
why is the CN V: trigeminal so BIG?
A
because it has a high density of fine disciminative sensation
21
Q
list the cranial nerves of extraocular Mm
A
III: oculomotor
IV: trochlear
VI: abducens
22
Q
CN III?
A
oculomotor
23
Q
CN IV?
A
trochlear
24
Q
CN VI?
A
ABducens
25
CN V?
trigeminal
26
trochelar does what?
IV - turns eyes toward the tip of the nose : down and in
27
ABducens does what?
VI - turns eyes straight to the side: ABduct in straight plane
28
oculomotor does what?
III - turns eyes everywhere else that wasn't mentioned in IV or VI
29
Trigeminal affects what sensory modalities
1. discriminative touch
2. proprioception
3. disc. pain
4. divergent pain
30
CN V heads in what direction
in (trigeminal)
31
CN VII: heads in what direction
out (facial)
32
the difference in function for clearing out the eyes in CN V / VII
CN V: sense an irritant
| CN VII: gets rid of the irritant
33
CN V: trigeminal feeds what area of the body
just kenny's face
| so the anterior portion of your face
34
if you poke a pt's eye and there is no response but they can blink with voluntary control this means that
CN V: trigeminal is broken
35
if a pt doesn't have voluntary control of closing eye lid then that means
CN VII: facial is broken
36
how do you test CN VII:
make faces = facial expressions
37
CN V also does what motor function?
massetication :
| - chewing and talking
38
CN VII?
facial nerve
39
the facial nerve VII innervates what?
```
tongue
pharynx
little piece of the ear
glands:
- salivary
- nasal
- lacrimal
```
40
a peripheral motor neuron dx presents:
iplsateral paralysis
41
bells palsy def:
paralysis of facial expression some from fo dx of facial n VII
42
difference between a stroke and bells palsey ?
bells palsey : paralysis of whole face (1/2) upper and lower
stroke: paralysis of half face (1/4) lower
43
CN VIII?
vestibulocochlear
44
the vestibulocochlear has two parts?
1. equilibrium ; vestibulo part
| 2. hearing ; cochlear part
45
the vestibulocochlear does three things?
1. transduction of sound
2. turns "air waves" into "water waves"
3. each part of the cochlea is "tuned" to a particular frequency
46
so the WIDE portion of the cochlea is
slow waves
| low frequence
47
so the NARROW portion of the cochlea is
fast waves
| high frequency
48
the forehead has what innervation
bilateral UMN
49
dysfx of hearing can be because of three things:
conducture: outer middle
ear wax: muffled sounds from bones of middle ear can't flex
converting air to water
50
auditory info comes from two things:
orientating to sound and visual
51
the inferior colliculus does what?
orients head and eyes to sound
52
the reticular formation
adjusts arousal to sound
53
what orients the head to the sound
inferior colliculus
54
what adjusts the arousal to sound
reticular formation
55
conscious awareness and recognition o sound comes from
pharynx auditory cortex
| and medial geniculate body
56
how does distance and sound work?
so the head gets bilateral projections to form 360*
| it measures out the distance by when the sound hit what ear first
57
sound ends in the
temporal lobe
58
sensorineural loss is due to two things:
dead hair cells
| cochlear N APs can't get through
59
tinnitus
rining in the ear
60
why does tinnitus occur
the inner ear is sending APs when there is no stimulus
| - indicates something is irritated
61
the swallow reflex vs. gag reflex
```
swallow = lets thing in
gag = kicks them out
```
62
cartoid sinus helps us
determine blood pressure
63
CN IX:
glossopharnygeal
64
the glossopharyngeal handles five things?
1. somatosensation
2. taste in 1/3 tongue
3. carotid sinus
4. pharyngeal muscle
5. parotid salivary gland
65
importance of taste in the CN IX : glossopharyngeal
lets the brain know that there is something there:
hello! swallow me!
starts the swallow or gag reflex
66
the swallow/ gag reflex would be damaged by what cranial nerve?
CN IX: glossopharyngeal
67
what somatosensation does cranial nerve IX work on?
glossopharyngeal :
- soft palate
- phayrnx
- afferent swallow gag reflex
68
dsfx in CN IX would cause:
glossopharyngeal
1. diminished swallow/gag
decreased salvation
69
CN X?
VAGUS
70
the vagus nerve innervates what two things?
pharynx
| larynx
71
the vagus nerve gives afferent signals to what two things?
the abdominal visceral organs
72
together there are four things the vagus nerve works on?
1. efferent
- pharynx
- larynx
2. afferent
- abdominal
- heart (visceral org)
73
list the four dsfx of the CN X: vagus
1. difficulty speakng: hoarse voice
2. difficulty swallowing
3. asymmetric elevation of soft palate
4. poor digestion
74
the difference in dx to one side / both side of UVULA:
both side : whole thing won't elevate
| one side: asymmetrical elevation
75
what is the UVULA:
punching bag in the back of the throat
76
when you go "ahhhh" at the doctors you are testing what nerve?
CN X: Vagus
77
constipation by indicate what nerve damage?
CN X: Vagus
78
CN XI?
spinal accessory
79
spinal accessory innervates what two things?
striated mus attached to head:
1. sternocleidomastoid
2. trapezius
80
difference between testing sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
```
sternocl. = test lying down
trap = can tell standing up
```
81
dsyfx of CN XI:
spinal accessory:
| the weak muscle that it innervated: striated muscle attached to the head
82
CN XII???
hypoglossal
83
dsfx from CN XII?
hypoglossal
speaking
swallowing
84
if you dx the hypoglossal the tongue will do what
| and it indicates what?
the tongue sticks out and the side that it sticks out towards the weak side
85
list the three stages of swallowing and the CNs that go into that one
oral: V, VII, XII
pharygneal: IX, X
esophageal: X
86
what does CN V do for swallowing?
trigmeninal: moves food up and down
87
what does CN VII do for swallowing?
facial: keeps mouth close to keep food inside
88
what does CN XII do for swallowing?
moves food side to side so food can get mash
89
what does CN IX do for swallowing?
ask the brain if its ok to swallow
90
what does CN X do for swallowing?
starts swallow takes care of peristalsis in the mouth for bolus
91
dsyphagia is
the difficulty swallowing
92
dysarthria
inability to speak
93
larynx is innervated by
CN X: vagus
94
soft palate is innerved by:
CN X: vagus
95
jaw is innervated by:
CN V; trigeminal
96
lips are innervated by:
CN VII: facial
97
tongue is innervated by
CN XII: hypoglossal
