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Neuroscience > 01 JULY 2019 > Flashcards

01 JULY 2019 Flashcards

end of chapter 13 all of ch. 14

1
Q

function of nonspecified motor tracts:

A

low degree of voluntary control:

job: to lower threshold for UMN so can more quickly established an AP

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2
Q

primary motor cortex comes from

A

precentral gyrus in….. frontal lobe

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3
Q

corticobrainstem tract:

A

controls CNs and face throat neck

**high degree of voluntary control since from cortex

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4
Q

the primary motor cortex has a

A

motor homonulus : which is like a sensory homonulus

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5
Q

what are 3 broad conditions of UMN

A
  1. UMN completely cut off from LMN
  2. UMN intact but tonically overactive
  3. cortical damaged but brainstem UMN ok
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6
Q

when the UMN is cut off from the LMN it is a

A

complete spinal cord injury

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7
Q

when UMN is intact but tonically overactive it is an example of

A

Parkinson’s

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8
Q

when the cortical is damaged but the brainstem is ok that is an example of

A

stroke:

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9
Q

paralysis in the MT (UMN) is different because:

A

everything below it is “cut off” you can not get any sensory or motor sensation to contract M

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10
Q

paresis in the MT (UMN) is different because:

A

the brain stem is still functioning but the cortex is not so you can still “think to move”

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11
Q

neural degeneration could mean

A

Parkinson’s dx

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12
Q

glial degeneration could mean

A

multiple sclerosis

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13
Q

the premotor area is where you

A

plan anticipatory postural control movements

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14
Q

supplementary motor area is where you

A
  1. plan bi manual movements

2. plan / execute activities w/ sequence

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15
Q

an example of a fx task from supplementary motor area is

A

playing a sequence on the piano

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16
Q

example of fx task from the premotor area

A

why you don’t fall over when you walk and trip

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17
Q

name the two cortical motor areas:

A
  1. premotor area

2. supplementary motor area

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18
Q

decerebrate is

A

tonic extensors of arms and legs:

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19
Q

decorticate is

A

tonically overactive flexors in arms and legs

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20
Q

which is worse? decerebrate or decorticate

A

decerebrate

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21
Q

muscle overactivity three things:

A
  1. reduction of cortical control
  2. activity dependent which means Mm is overused
  3. may contribute to abnormal syngeries
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22
Q

activity dependent means:

A

occurs depending on activity

may be spastic when walking but not when sitting

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23
Q

overall muscle overactivity / overuse leads to

A

reduction of cortical control

24
Q

when there is a reduction of cortical control

A

there is reduced fine motor movements only gross

because brainstem is making money moves

25
Q

decerebrate cuts off the

A

head

26
Q

decorticate cuts off the

A

cortex

27
Q

which is more common? decerebrate or decorticate

A

decorticate

28
Q

rigidity comes from

A

UMN overactivity

29
Q

temporary hyptonia is

A

spinal shock

nerves get scared and go to sleep = no longer function

30
Q

when motor neurons go into shock there is no

A

NO movement or reflex loop

31
Q

when there is hyptonia there is

A

abnormal activity but UMN is still present

32
Q

rigidity is when

A

your muscles have too much tone

33
Q

hypertonia is

A

the muscle stretch is hyperreflexic / velocity dependent
= spasticity
= TOO MUCH CONTRACTION

34
Q

spasticity refers to

A

the muscle stretch is hyper reflexic

35
Q

difference in cerebral shock from spinal shock

A

spinal shock happens in spinal cord: neurons go to sleep

cerebral shock happen in the cerebrum much more severe ie from a stroke

36
Q

hemiplegia
paraplegia
tetra plegia

A 
hemi = half of body left/ right 
para = upper and lower 
tetra = all four
37
Q

loss of “fractionated movement means that

A

you do not have full voluntary control of moving no more fractionated

38
Q

abnormal cutaneous reflexes include

A
  1. babinski reflex

2. limb withdrawal

39
Q

abnormal cutaneous reflexes means that

A

when UMN is cut at the spinal level the below part gets stronger

a UMN tells the LMN to relax when no UMN there is NO CHILL so contract a shit ton

40
Q

babinski reflex means that

A

the UMN is cut off which makes LMN threshold lower = touch receptors can signal pain much easier so you don’t need a painful stimulus

41
Q

muscle stretch hyperrelfexic

A

exaggerated reflex response to stretch when descending connection is missing or much reduced

42
Q

clonus is

A

velocity dependent hypotonia that is repeated in response to a quick stretch

43
Q

what are two types of clonus

A
  1. unsustained

2. sustained

44
Q

unstained clonus means that

A

it repeats for a little bit then dies out

45
Q

sustained clonus means that

A

the repetition keeps repeating

46
Q

clasp-knife syndrome is when

A

initially strong resistance to stretch fades with a sustained stretch : like a pocket knife blade sliding back in

47
Q

myoplasticity occurs because

A

there are plastic changes to a muscle because is is not moving

48
Q

myoplasticity means there are

A

adaptive changes within a muscle itself

49
Q

myoplasticity is an example of what type of atrophy:

A

disuse because loss of neuromusclar excitation not that they aren’t there

50
Q

if you have a motor tract injury its atrophy of

A

disuse

51
Q

if you have a motor neuron injury its atrophy of

A

denervation

52
Q

increased stiffness in myoplasticity is due to

A

weak actin and myosin not “sticking” due to lack of movement when you don’t slide normally

therapeutic response is to “break up” = passive movement

53
Q

what is the therapeutic response to increased stiffness in myoplasticity

A

passive movement = need to “break up” “sticky” actin and myosin heads over connecting

54
Q

a contracture in myoplasticity is due to

A

loss of sarcomeres due to prolonged positioning

muscle won’t go because not able to bind

55
Q

what is the therapeutic response to contracture in myoplasticity

A

move through passive ROM

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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