01 JULY 2019

Question 1

function of nonspecified motor tracts:

Answer 1

low degree of voluntary control:

job: to lower threshold for UMN so can more quickly established an AP

Question 2

primary motor cortex comes from

Answer 2

precentral gyrus in….. frontal lobe

Question 3

corticobrainstem tract:

Answer 3

controls CNs and face throat neck

**high degree of voluntary control since from cortex

Question 4

the primary motor cortex has a

Answer 4

motor homonulus : which is like a sensory homonulus

Question 5

what are 3 broad conditions of UMN

Answer 5

1. UMN completely cut off from LMN
2. UMN intact but tonically overactive
3. cortical damaged but brainstem UMN ok

Question 6

when the UMN is cut off from the LMN it is a

Answer 6

complete spinal cord injury

Question 7

when UMN is intact but tonically overactive it is an example of

Answer 7

Parkinson’s

Question 8

when the cortical is damaged but the brainstem is ok that is an example of

Answer 8

stroke:

Question 9

paralysis in the MT (UMN) is different because:

Answer 9

everything below it is “cut off” you can not get any sensory or motor sensation to contract M

Question 10

paresis in the MT (UMN) is different because:

Answer 10

the brain stem is still functioning but the cortex is not so you can still “think to move”

Question 11

neural degeneration could mean

Answer 11

Parkinson’s dx

Question 12

glial degeneration could mean

Answer 12

multiple sclerosis

Question 13

the premotor area is where you

Answer 13

plan anticipatory postural control movements

Question 14

supplementary motor area is where you

Answer 14

1. plan bi manual movements

2. plan / execute activities w/ sequence

Question 15

an example of a fx task from supplementary motor area is

Answer 15

playing a sequence on the piano

Question 16

example of fx task from the premotor area

Answer 16

why you don’t fall over when you walk and trip

Question 17

name the two cortical motor areas:

Answer 17

1. premotor area

2. supplementary motor area

Question 18

decerebrate is

Answer 18

tonic extensors of arms and legs:

Question 19

decorticate is

Answer 19

tonically overactive flexors in arms and legs

Question 20

which is worse? decerebrate or decorticate

Answer 20

decerebrate

Question 21

muscle overactivity three things:

Answer 21

1. reduction of cortical control
2. activity dependent which means Mm is overused
3. may contribute to abnormal syngeries

Question 22

activity dependent means:

Answer 22

occurs depending on activity

may be spastic when walking but not when sitting

Question 23

overall muscle overactivity / overuse leads to

Answer 23

reduction of cortical control

Question 24

when there is a reduction of cortical control

Answer 24

there is reduced fine motor movements only gross

because brainstem is making money moves

Question 25

decerebrate cuts off the

Answer 25

head

Question 26

decorticate cuts off the

Answer 26

cortex

Question 27

which is more common? decerebrate or decorticate

Answer 27

decorticate

Question 28

rigidity comes from

Answer 28

UMN overactivity

Question 29

temporary hyptonia is

Answer 29

spinal shock | nerves get scared and go to sleep = no longer function

Question 30

when motor neurons go into shock there is no

Answer 30

NO movement or reflex loop

Question 31

when there is hyptonia there is

Answer 31

abnormal activity but UMN is still present

Question 32

rigidity is when

Answer 32

your muscles have too much tone

Question 33

hypertonia is

Answer 33

the muscle stretch is hyperreflexic / velocity dependent = spasticity = TOO MUCH CONTRACTION

Question 34

spasticity refers to

Answer 34

the muscle stretch is hyper reflexic

Question 35

difference in cerebral shock from spinal shock

Answer 35

spinal shock happens in spinal cord: neurons go to sleep | cerebral shock happen in the cerebrum much more severe ie from a stroke

Question 36

hemiplegia paraplegia tetra plegia

Answer 36

``` hemi = half of body left/ right para = upper and lower tetra = all four ```

Question 37

loss of "fractionated movement means that

Answer 37

you do not have full voluntary control of moving no more fractionated

Question 38

abnormal cutaneous reflexes include

Answer 38

1. babinski reflex | 2. limb withdrawal

Question 39

abnormal cutaneous reflexes means that

Answer 39

when UMN is cut at the spinal level the below part gets stronger a UMN tells the LMN to relax when no UMN there is NO CHILL so contract a shit ton

Question 40

babinski reflex means that

Answer 40

the UMN is cut off which makes LMN threshold lower = touch receptors can signal pain much easier so you don't need a painful stimulus

Question 41

muscle stretch hyperrelfexic

Answer 41

exaggerated reflex response to stretch when descending connection is missing or much reduced

Question 42

clonus is

Answer 42

velocity dependent hypotonia that is repeated in response to a quick stretch

Question 43

what are two types of clonus

Answer 43

1. unsustained | 2. sustained

Question 44

unstained clonus means that

Answer 44

it repeats for a little bit then dies out

Question 45

sustained clonus means that

Answer 45

the repetition keeps repeating

Question 46

clasp-knife syndrome is when

Answer 46

initially strong resistance to stretch fades with a sustained stretch : like a pocket knife blade sliding back in

Question 47

myoplasticity occurs because

Answer 47

there are plastic changes to a muscle because is is not moving

Question 48

myoplasticity means there are

Answer 48

adaptive changes within a muscle itself

Question 49

myoplasticity is an example of what type of atrophy:

Answer 49

disuse because loss of neuromusclar excitation not that they aren't there

Question 50

if you have a motor tract injury its atrophy of

Answer 50

disuse

Question 51

if you have a motor neuron injury its atrophy of

Answer 51

denervation

Question 52

increased stiffness in myoplasticity is due to

Answer 52

weak actin and myosin not "sticking" due to lack of movement when you don't slide normally therapeutic response is to "break up" = passive movement

Question 53

what is the therapeutic response to increased stiffness in myoplasticity

Answer 53

passive movement = need to "break up" "sticky" actin and myosin heads over connecting

Question 54

a contracture in myoplasticity is due to

Answer 54

loss of sarcomeres due to prolonged positioning | muscle won't go because not able to bind

Question 55

what is the therapeutic response to contracture in myoplasticity

Answer 55

move through passive ROM