24 JULY 2019 Flashcards
BPPV is what dx:
unilateral hyperfx peripheral
BPPV is not obvious because:
it is positional
unilateral hypofx peripheral is
neuritis
neuritis (unilateral hypofx peripheral) s/s =
reduced gaze stabilization (blurry) postural instablitiy (unsteady)
if you are unsteady and have a blurry vision you have
unilateral hypofx peripheral = neuritis
when you have dx in unilateral hypofx peripheral dx you dx what tract?
lateral vestibulopsinal tract = less fractionated movements = less voluntary control
hypofunction bilateral peripheral means
you have no VOR at all
s/s of hypofx bilateral peripheral
no VOR at all significant decrease in gaze stabilization oscillopsia: no visual stability w/head movement = eyes bounce /w head - postural instability
the big difference between hypofx bilateral and hypofx unilateral is
bilateral = complete loss of gaze stabilization = oscillopsia unilateral = gaze instability both = postural instability
which has more vestibospinal dx?
hyperfx unilateral peripheral : BPPV
over hypofx unilateral peripheral - neuritis
list all the eight hundred things the cerebrum helps us with?
perception voluntary moving language: nonverbal - verbal spatial relationship using visual info making decisions managing emotions remembering using mind-body interactions
the thalamus fx:
selective filter for cerebral cortex
- can turn signal up or down
direct attention to important information
- goest to three places
where does the thalamus send signals to for direct attention to important information
relay nuclei
association nuclei
non specific nuclei
the relay nuclei for the thalamus goes where?
the cortex
- handles sensory system
- basal ganglia
- cerebellum
the association nuclei for the thalamus handles what?
reciprocal connections to the cortex
non-specific nuclei for the thalamus handles what?
consciousness
arousal
attention
lateropulsion is
“contraversive pushing”
pushing syndrome
what is another name for pushing syndrome?
laterpulsion
how do you get laterpulsion?
you don’t feel the pull of gravity in one inner ear so you feel it harder in the other ear
- feeling it harder in one ear makes it seems like you are getting pulled in that ear so you push to the other side to correct
- however, since there is no actual pull you end up just pushing
thalamic lesions include:
- loss of contralateral senstatation (propriocpetion)
2. thalamic pain (neurpathic) syndrome possible
brainstem dx in the 1. face 2. body 3. anything roastral present how?
face - ipslateral
body - contralateral
roastral - contralateral everything
dencephalon means
everything thalamus related
thalamus is located where which means what?
the thalamus is behind part of the sensory pathway final synapse for ALL pathways
the thalamus if the final destination for what?
ALL pathways
name a therapy session for lateraopulsion
put tape on the sternum and tape on the mirror and then try to match straight up and down
pituitary tumors affect what part of the vision tract
the optic chiasm which causes bitemporal hemianopsia
a pituitary tumor would present as what in the eyes?
tunnel vision
bilateral hemianopsia
if you presented with tunnel vision (bilateral hemianopsia) that might be a
pituitary tumor
the pituitary secretes what two things?
Beta - endorphins
cortisol
beta-endorphins are important for
pain relief
cortisol comes from
adrenal
HPA stands for what
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal
HPA is released if
homeostasis is threatened
coma means that
there is no sleep /wake and no interactions with the environment
hypothalamus overall works on
maintaining homeostasis:
all the other things that the hypothalamus:
modulation of the autonomic system:
what goes into maintaining homeostasis:
body temp
metabolic rate
blood pressure
what goes into the modulation of the autonomic system:
eating reproduction defenses expression fo emotion circadian rhythms (sleep-wake)
the hypothalamus connects to the
pituitary
outer layer of the cerebral cortex is
grey
what is going on with the cerebral cortex?
it is folded up more cell bodies to fit into a small space
there is ALOT going on
what directions does grey matter release from the grey matter in the cerebral cortex?
up/down
forward/back
side/sid
the side to side projection comes from the
corpus callosum:
associates 1 lobe with another
the corpus callosum info:
associates 1 lobe w/ another
contains the ventral and dorsal visual streams
are side to side projections
the big trench at the base of the corpus callosum
longitudinal fissure
the internal capsule has the
commissural fibers
association fibers do what projections?
forward/back
brodman’s areas:
areas of specialized fx
predicts the s/s of our patients when dx
what shape are cells in the cerebral cortex:
pyramidal cells
motor loop
selects muscle to activate dx = deactivate
basal ganglia are located where?
little forward of midline so works on motor stuff
homonymous hemianopsia occurs because of
a stroke
damage to internal
capsule causes;
decreased voluntary control of movement (contralateral)
decreased postural control
decreased in somatosensation
parietal
sensory
temporal
auditory
occipital
vision
frontal
motor planning
cortical areas
primary somatosensory
primary auditory
primary visual
vestibular
primary somatosensory:
all of your conscious sensation
all pathways termination
allows you to feel
establishes characteristics of sensation
dx in primary somatosensory
loses the ability to feel sensation /characteristics
tactile
conscious proprioception
conscious = cerebral cortex which is where?
postcentral gyrus
cerebellum deals with
unconscious
cerebellum vs. cortex
cerebellum = unconscious
cerebral cortex = conscious
list the five s/s of the vestibular nuclei:
conscious awareness eye movements head movement posture of head and body nausea and vomiting
conscious awareness structure is
the vestibular cortex
eye movements structure is
extraocular mm
nausea and vomiting structure is
reticular formation
head movement structure is
superior colliculus and accessory
posture of head and body structure is
cerebral cortex
reticular formation
sp cord
conscious awareness def:
goes up to cerebral cortex
confirms equilibrium
head position /movement
eye movement
keeps the visual world steady as we move
VOR reflex
