24 JULY 2019 Flashcards by Katie Donaho

BPPV is what dx:

unilateral hyperfx peripheral

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BPPV is not obvious because:

it is positional

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unilateral hypofx peripheral is

neuritis

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neuritis (unilateral hypofx peripheral) s/s =

reduced gaze stabilization (blurry) 
postural instablitiy (unsteady)

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if you are unsteady and have a blurry vision you have

unilateral hypofx peripheral = neuritis

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when you have dx in unilateral hypofx peripheral dx you dx what tract?

lateral vestibulopsinal tract = less fractionated movements = less voluntary control

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hypofunction bilateral peripheral means

you have no VOR at all

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s/s of hypofx bilateral peripheral

no VOR at all 
significant decrease in gaze stabilization 
oscillopsia: no visual stability 
w/head movement = eyes bounce /w  head 
- postural instability

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the big difference between hypofx bilateral and hypofx unilateral is

bilateral = complete loss of gaze stabilization = oscillopsia 
unilateral = gaze instability 
both = postural instability

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which has more vestibospinal dx?

hyperfx unilateral peripheral : BPPV

over hypofx unilateral peripheral - neuritis

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list all the eight hundred things the cerebrum helps us with?

perception 
voluntary moving 
language: nonverbal - verbal 
spatial relationship 
using visual info 
making decisions
managing emotions
remembering 
using mind-body interactions

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the thalamus fx:

selective filter for cerebral cortex
- can turn signal up or down
direct attention to important information
- goest to three places

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where does the thalamus send signals to for direct attention to important information

relay nuclei
association nuclei
non specific nuclei

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the relay nuclei for the thalamus goes where?

the cortex

handles sensory system
basal ganglia
cerebellum

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the association nuclei for the thalamus handles what?

reciprocal connections to the cortex

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non-specific nuclei for the thalamus handles what?

consciousness
arousal
attention

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lateropulsion is

“contraversive pushing”

pushing syndrome

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what is another name for pushing syndrome?

laterpulsion

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how do you get laterpulsion?

you don’t feel the pull of gravity in one inner ear so you feel it harder in the other ear

feeling it harder in one ear makes it seems like you are getting pulled in that ear so you push to the other side to correct
however, since there is no actual pull you end up just pushing

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thalamic lesions include:

loss of contralateral senstatation (propriocpetion)

2. thalamic pain (neurpathic) syndrome possible

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brainstem dx in the 
1. face
2. body 
3. anything roastral 
present how?

face - ipslateral
body - contralateral
roastral - contralateral everything

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dencephalon means

everything thalamus related

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thalamus is located where which means what?

the thalamus is behind part of the sensory pathway final synapse for ALL pathways

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the thalamus if the final destination for what?

ALL pathways

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name a therapy session for lateraopulsion

put tape on the sternum and tape on the mirror and then try to match straight up and down

pituitary tumors affect what part of the vision tract

the optic chiasm which causes bitemporal hemianopsia

a pituitary tumor would present as what in the eyes?

tunnel vision | bilateral hemianopsia

if you presented with tunnel vision (bilateral hemianopsia) that might be a

pituitary tumor

the pituitary secretes what two things?

Beta - endorphins | cortisol

beta-endorphins are important for

pain relief

cortisol comes from

adrenal

HPA stands for what

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal

HPA is released if

homeostasis is threatened

coma means that

there is no sleep /wake and no interactions with the environment

hypothalamus overall works on

maintaining homeostasis:

all the other things that the hypothalamus:

modulation of the autonomic system:

what goes into maintaining homeostasis:

body temp metabolic rate blood pressure

what goes into the modulation of the autonomic system:

``` eating reproduction defenses expression fo emotion circadian rhythms (sleep-wake) ```

the hypothalamus connects to the

pituitary

outer layer of the cerebral cortex is

grey

what is going on with the cerebral cortex?

it is folded up more cell bodies to fit into a small space there is ALOT going on

what directions does grey matter release from the grey matter in the cerebral cortex?

up/down forward/back side/sid

the side to side projection comes from the

corpus callosum: | associates 1 lobe with another

the corpus callosum info:

associates 1 lobe w/ another contains the ventral and dorsal visual streams are side to side projections

the big trench at the base of the corpus callosum

longitudinal fissure

the internal capsule has the

commissural fibers

association fibers do what projections?

forward/back

brodman's areas:

areas of specialized fx | predicts the s/s of our patients when dx

what shape are cells in the cerebral cortex:

pyramidal cells

motor loop

selects muscle to activate dx = deactivate

basal ganglia are located where?

little forward of midline so works on motor stuff

homonymous hemianopsia occurs because of

a stroke

damage to internal | capsule causes;

decreased voluntary control of movement (contralateral) decreased postural control decreased in somatosensation

parietal

sensory

temporal

auditory

occipital

vision

frontal

motor planning

cortical areas

primary somatosensory primary auditory primary visual vestibular

primary somatosensory:

all of your conscious sensation all pathways termination allows you to feel establishes characteristics of sensation

dx in primary somatosensory

loses the ability to feel sensation /characteristics tactile conscious proprioception

conscious = cerebral cortex which is where?

postcentral gyrus

cerebellum deals with

unconscious

cerebellum vs. cortex

cerebellum = unconscious | cerebral cortex = conscious

list the five s/s of the vestibular nuclei:

``` conscious awareness eye movements head movement posture of head and body nausea and vomiting ```

conscious awareness structure is

the vestibular cortex

eye movements structure is

extraocular mm

nausea and vomiting structure is

reticular formation

head movement structure is

superior colliculus and accessory

posture of head and body structure is

cerebral cortex reticular formation sp cord

conscious awareness def:

goes up to cerebral cortex confirms equilibrium head position /movement

eye movement

keeps the visual world steady as we move | VOR reflex