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Neuroscience > 25 JULY 2019 > Flashcards

25 JULY 2019 Flashcards

1
Q

primary visual fx is to

A

distinguish between the intensity of light shapes:

  1. light/ dark
  2. size/shape
  3. location
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2
Q

light shapes have three different types of things:

A
  1. light /dark
  2. size/shape
  3. location
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3
Q

primary auditory fx is

A

conscious discrimination of sound

define characteristics

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4
Q

when you have dsfx in the primary auditory cortex

A

your ears project bilaterally
(wouldn’t be one-sided deafness)
-loss of locational of sounds (360* fx)

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5
Q

primary visual dx:

A

1/2 visual disappears

contralateral = R side dx

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6
Q

if both sides of the primary visual area dx:

A

then you get cortical blindness can grossly react to object in the visual field

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7
Q

perception is the

A

recognition of sensation

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8
Q

agnosia:

A

inability to recognize objects when using a specific sense even through discrete ability is intact

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9
Q

the vestibular part of the picture is the

A

the dotted line in the temporal

- comes to consciousness right next to auditory sport

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10
Q

fx of the vestibular spot

A

head position
head movement
contributes to a perception of the vertical

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11
Q

dsfx of the vestibular part

A

pusher’s syndrome

can’t feel the pull of the gravity in one side

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12
Q

agnosia comes from what cortex?

A

the secondary one

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13
Q

primary overall does:

A

distinguishing senses

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14
Q

secondary overall does:

A

giving meaning to senses

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15
Q

ventral visual stream

A

gives meaning to what we see

is a sliver in the temporal lobe

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16
Q

when the dorsal stream is dx you get

A

optic ataxia:

cant reach toward the object you see (w/precision)

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17
Q

primary motor cortex fx:

A

voluntary controlled movements plan and execute movements

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18
Q

dsfx of the primary motor cortex fx:

A

paresis loss of fine motor control

spastic dynamic

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19
Q

corticospinal is where / what is it

A

precentral gyrus = UMN

cell bodies in the brain end in the spinal cord

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20
Q

corticospinal then has what degree of control?

A

the high degree of voluntary control

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21
Q

secondary auditory fx is

A

the classification of sounds

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22
Q

dsfx of the secondary auditory is

A

auditory agnosia:

  1. separation of speech hands off to Wernicke’s to be decoded
  2. if not speech assigns meaning
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23
Q

secondary somatosensory cortex fx is

A

stereognosis memory of a tactile spatial environment

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24
Q

dsfx of secondary somatosensory cortex is

A

astereognosis

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25
Q

premotor area fx:

A

control of trunk: girdle Mm

anticipatory: loss of balance
- feedforward

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26
Q

dsfx of the premotor area:

A

apraxia: a breakdown between concept and performance

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27
Q

def of apraxia:

A

a breakdown between concept and performance

loss of ability to carry out familiar purposeful movements

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28
Q

two types of dysarthria:

A

spastic and flaccid

29
Q

flaccid dysarthria is

A

an LMN dx
soft in volume
mushy in annunciation

30
Q

how does flaccid dysarthria sound?

A

soft in volume

mushy in annunciation

31
Q

flaccid dysarthria affects what?

A

LMN

32
Q

spastic dysarthria is:

A

UMN dx
nasally articulation
tight

33
Q

how does spastic dysarthria sound?

A

nasally articulation

tight

34
Q

spastic dysarthria affects what?

A

UMN

35
Q

supplementary motor area fx ?

A

initiation of movement orientation planning manual and sequential movements

36
Q

dsfx of the supplementary motor area?

A

preservation

37
Q

preservation is

A

“to preserve: to repeat/ continue after the need has passed”

you get stuck

38
Q

two types of perservation?

A

verbally or physically

39
Q

therapy for apraxia

A
  1. simplify the task
  2. automatic as possible
    - do fx tasks to prompt
    - use words
40
Q

broca’s area fx

A

motor planning of speech
usually L hemi only
- creates how our mouth makes the words we are thinking

41
Q

dsfx of the broca’s aphasia:

A

can understand /think words but can express those words

42
Q

inferior frontal gyrus:

A

the area corresponding to Broca’s area:

43
Q

what side does the inferior frontal gyrus affect?

A

the right side

44
Q

dsfx of the inferior frontal gyrus:

A

difficulty producing nonverbal communication

45
Q

fx of the inferior frontal gyrus:

A
  1. planning no verbal communication
  2. emotional gestures
  3. tone
46
Q

working memory maintains

A

goal-relevant information for a short time

47
Q

working memory is essential for:

A

language
problem solving
mental navigation
reasoning

48
Q

structures of memory:

A

preforntal cortex

temporoparietal cortex

49
Q

declarative memory includes:

A

fact
event
concept
locations

50
Q

declarative memory def:

A

things you can “explicit” remember why its explicit memory

51
Q

short declarative mem vs procedural mem

A 
declarative = explicit 
procedural = implicit
52
Q

which memory is explicit vs. implicit

A 
explicit = declarative 
implict = procedural
53
Q

stages of declarative memory?

A

encoding
consolidation
retrieval

54
Q

encoding is enhanced by?

A
  1. paying attention
  2. emotional arousal
  3. link new info to old info
  4. reviewing
55
Q

consolidation does what?

A

stabilizes memory

56
Q

consolidation is also known as

A

LTP: synaptic memory

- you putting the information away for a long time = filing cabinet

57
Q

what are the two systems of consolidation?

A

medial temporal brain = structure

sleep = necessary - you do the work during sleep

58
Q

do all of the consolidation facts:

A
  • stabilizes memory
  • in min/hours
  • “filing cabinet” = stores for long time
  • also LTP: synaptic memory
  • part of medial temporal lobe
  • sleep is necessary
59
Q

which stage is sleep necessary for? and why?

A

consolidation

because your brain stores memories (consolidation) while you are asleep

60
Q

the first stage of declarative memory?

A

encoding

61
Q

the second stage of declarative memory

A

consolidation

62
Q

the third stage of declarative memory?

A

retrieval

63
Q

retrieval def:

A

gets info out of the file cabinet

64
Q

where does retrieval take place?

A

the lateral prefrontal cortex

65
Q

declarative memory structures?

A

medial temporal lob
hippocampu
meidal temporal cortex

66
Q

perceptual integration structure?

A

temporoparietal association cortex

67
Q

organization and categorization of information structure:

A

lateral prefrontal cortex

68
Q

the map of memory structures order:

A

LPFC
MTL
TPAC

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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