25 JULY 2019 Flashcards
primary visual fx is to
distinguish between the intensity of light shapes:
- light/ dark
- size/shape
- location
light shapes have three different types of things:
- light /dark
- size/shape
- location
primary auditory fx is
conscious discrimination of sound
define characteristics
when you have dsfx in the primary auditory cortex
your ears project bilaterally
(wouldn’t be one-sided deafness)
-loss of locational of sounds (360* fx)
primary visual dx:
1/2 visual disappears
contralateral = R side dx
if both sides of the primary visual area dx:
then you get cortical blindness can grossly react to object in the visual field
perception is the
recognition of sensation
agnosia:
inability to recognize objects when using a specific sense even through discrete ability is intact
the vestibular part of the picture is the
the dotted line in the temporal
- comes to consciousness right next to auditory sport
fx of the vestibular spot
head position
head movement
contributes to a perception of the vertical
dsfx of the vestibular part
pusher’s syndrome
can’t feel the pull of the gravity in one side
agnosia comes from what cortex?
the secondary one
primary overall does:
distinguishing senses
secondary overall does:
giving meaning to senses
ventral visual stream
gives meaning to what we see
is a sliver in the temporal lobe
when the dorsal stream is dx you get
optic ataxia:
cant reach toward the object you see (w/precision)
primary motor cortex fx:
voluntary controlled movements plan and execute movements
dsfx of the primary motor cortex fx:
paresis loss of fine motor control
spastic dynamic
corticospinal is where / what is it
precentral gyrus = UMN
cell bodies in the brain end in the spinal cord
corticospinal then has what degree of control?
the high degree of voluntary control
secondary auditory fx is
the classification of sounds
dsfx of the secondary auditory is
auditory agnosia:
- separation of speech hands off to Wernicke’s to be decoded
- if not speech assigns meaning
secondary somatosensory cortex fx is
stereognosis memory of a tactile spatial environment
dsfx of secondary somatosensory cortex is
astereognosis
premotor area fx:
control of trunk: girdle Mm
anticipatory: loss of balance
- feedforward
dsfx of the premotor area:
apraxia: a breakdown between concept and performance
def of apraxia:
a breakdown between concept and performance
loss of ability to carry out familiar purposeful movements
two types of dysarthria:
spastic and flaccid
flaccid dysarthria is
an LMN dx
soft in volume
mushy in annunciation
how does flaccid dysarthria sound?
soft in volume
mushy in annunciation
flaccid dysarthria affects what?
LMN
spastic dysarthria is:
UMN dx
nasally articulation
tight
how does spastic dysarthria sound?
nasally articulation
tight
spastic dysarthria affects what?
UMN
supplementary motor area fx ?
initiation of movement orientation planning manual and sequential movements
dsfx of the supplementary motor area?
preservation
preservation is
“to preserve: to repeat/ continue after the need has passed”
you get stuck
two types of perservation?
verbally or physically
therapy for apraxia
- simplify the task
- automatic as possible
- do fx tasks to prompt
- use words
broca’s area fx
motor planning of speech
usually L hemi only
- creates how our mouth makes the words we are thinking
dsfx of the broca’s aphasia:
can understand /think words but can express those words
inferior frontal gyrus:
the area corresponding to Broca’s area:
what side does the inferior frontal gyrus affect?
the right side
dsfx of the inferior frontal gyrus:
difficulty producing nonverbal communication
fx of the inferior frontal gyrus:
- planning no verbal communication
- emotional gestures
- tone
working memory maintains
goal-relevant information for a short time
working memory is essential for:
language
problem solving
mental navigation
reasoning
structures of memory:
preforntal cortex
temporoparietal cortex
declarative memory includes:
fact
event
concept
locations
declarative memory def:
things you can “explicit” remember why its explicit memory
short declarative mem vs procedural mem
declarative = explicit procedural = implicit
which memory is explicit vs. implicit
explicit = declarative implict = procedural
stages of declarative memory?
encoding
consolidation
retrieval
encoding is enhanced by?
- paying attention
- emotional arousal
- link new info to old info
- reviewing
consolidation does what?
stabilizes memory
consolidation is also known as
LTP: synaptic memory
- you putting the information away for a long time = filing cabinet
what are the two systems of consolidation?
medial temporal brain = structure
sleep = necessary - you do the work during sleep
do all of the consolidation facts:
- stabilizes memory
- in min/hours
- “filing cabinet” = stores for long time
- also LTP: synaptic memory
- part of medial temporal lobe
- sleep is necessary
which stage is sleep necessary for? and why?
consolidation
because your brain stores memories (consolidation) while you are asleep
the first stage of declarative memory?
encoding
the second stage of declarative memory
consolidation
the third stage of declarative memory?
retrieval
retrieval def:
gets info out of the file cabinet
where does retrieval take place?
the lateral prefrontal cortex
declarative memory structures?
medial temporal lob
hippocampu
meidal temporal cortex
perceptual integration structure?
temporoparietal association cortex
organization and categorization of information structure:
lateral prefrontal cortex
the map of memory structures order:
LPFC
MTL
TPAC
