Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuroscience > 26 JUNE > Flashcards

26 JUNE Flashcards

mostly ch. 13 some ch. 12 i think

1
Q

a crossbridge is

A

where a myosin attaches to an actin head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are four things that increase resistance to stretch

A
  1. titin
  2. active contraction
  3. weak actin myosin bonds
  4. proprioceptive information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why does titin increase resistance to stretch

A

tittin is the rubber band around a sacromere

titin runs out of stretch - rubber band just won’t go any more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

titin can lead to what pathology

A

contractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how does active contraction increase resistance to stretch

A

the muscle is already stretched so if you stretch an already stretched muscle there is not that much more stretch

because of the amount of sacromeres able to bond and pull apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

active contraction can led to what pathology

A

involuntary contractures

- parkinsons’ has involuntary contraction of coremessages form damage of brain singals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do weak actin and myosin bonds increase resistance to stretch

A

action and myosin are like Velcro attaching to loops

- weak bonds = the Velcro just doesn’t attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a therapeutic approach to weak actin and myosin bonds:

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a pathology from weak actin and myosin bonds?

A

immobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does proprioceptive information

A

there is a quick spindle stretch from the muscle spindle that can increase signals to contract
- causes a depolarizing of muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what pathology comes from propriceptive info?

A

depolarizing muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what therapeutic approaches come from propriceptive info?

A

habitually shorten muscles that = a decrease in sacromere

- QUICK STRETCH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

muscles repond to what ?

A

position

stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the number of sacromeres responds to

A

the length of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

correlation between sacromeres / length of muscle

A

postive:
increase length = increase sacromeres
decrease length = decrease sacromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why do sacromere remodel according to length?

A

body wants to produce the best contraction dependent on the muscle position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if you maintain stretch the body

A

adds sacromeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if you habitually shorten muscle the body

A

decreases sacromeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

therapeutic response to habitually shorten muscles

A

= maintained stretch
= splints
= serial casting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

core / proximal muscles are found

A

medial in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

distal muscles are found

A

lateral in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

flexor signals are found

A

posterior in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

extensor signals are found

A

anterior in the ventral horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

static cocontraction means

A

that the muscles are opposing in equal opposite directions:

- locks joint in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
dynamic cocontraction means that
the muscles are playing off each other in order to stabilize but also mobilize a joint
26
alpha-game coactiviation
when alpha MN and gamma MN activate at the same time so the alpha contracts the muscle but its keep sensitive w/ gamma
27
a motor pool is
where all the cells of one muscle gather
28
correlatation between a spinal level and a muscle
every spinal level contributes to more than 1 muscle | every muscle get input from more than 1 spinal level
29
there are three neurons which are which?
2 efferent | 1 afferent
30
a motor unit is
one neuorn and all the muscle fibers it innervates
31
of the three neurons break down what they are
``` 2 efferent = 1. alpha 2. gamma 1 afferent = 3. cell body in dorsal root - pseudounipolar neuron ```
32
four characteristics of a slow twitch motor unit:
oxidative metabolism not alot of tension = longer duration / less force fatigue resistant smaller diameter a-alpha
33
four characteristics of fast twitch motor unit:
glycolysis metabolism HIGH amounts of tension = strong response not as fatigue resistant = quick response larger diameter a alpha
34
color of fast / slow twitch
``` slow = red fast = white ```
35
gross motor units have
ALOT of muscle fibers per axon
36
fine motor units have
tiny bit of muscle fibers per axon
37
ie of gross motor unit
gastroci | 2000 muscle fibers per axon
38
ie of fine motor unit
hand mm | 3 muscle fibers per axon
39
hennemans' size principle
1. states that slow muscle units will be recruited first 2. then if you need more power 3. recruit fast twitch UNLESS it is necessary for it to be reversed - like when you fight a bear - conscious movement
40
why is the hennemans size principle a thing:
because you can depolarize a slow twitch muscle faster
41
how does the brain recruit motor units?
NOT AT THE SAME TIME | - will CYCLE through motor units
42
pathology with motor unit
brain doesn't have enough motor units so can't cycle though = INCREASE FATIGUE
43
what does convergence of information mean?
that there are multiple messages form the brain and the sensory receptor that convene on ONE alpha motor neuron
44
therapeutic response to convergence of information
deep tendon pressure: inhibits messages to relax sensory input says relax add sensory to interrupt the convening messages to make contraction stop
45
reciprocal inhibition:
when agonist is facilitated | antagonist is inhibited
46
how do you mobilize a joint:
facilitate agonist- shorten | inhibit antagonist - lengthen
47
how do you stabilize a joint
STOP co activation
48
muscle synergies normal:
working together in voluntary control in any pattern with fx use
49
muscle synergies abnormal:
muscle working together in limited voluntary control w/ limited patterns
50
what two ways does reciprocal inhibition start?
1. active (from brain) | 2. reflex (quick stretch)
51
stepping pattern generators means
that when we start walking we don't need further input our bodies just continue to walk
52
a body schema is
a internal body map
53
two parts of a reflex:
stimulus | response
54
where does the hand off between sensory and motor take place?
the spinal cord
55
list the steps of basic muscle movement:
``` sensory organ stimulated afferent pathway hand off - connection in spinal cord efferent pathway efferent stimulus to muscle ```
56
phasic means
momentary or prolonged stimulus that produces a momentary or prolonged response
57
phasic starts with what/
the stretch of a muscle spindle Ia fiber
58
spindle makes direct connection to what?
the alpha motor neuron
59
steps of phasic contraction:
1. muscle spindle stimulated: Ia fiber 2. tendon deforms - muscle gets stretched apart = more signals 3. hand off in spinal cord 4. spindle makes direction connection w/ alpha motor neuron 5. contraction of muscle activation of alpha
60
faciliatated means that
MN was brought closer to an AP
61
activation means that
an AP was achieved
62
withdrawal reflex are from
cutaneous receptors which activate | a -delta
63
a -delta sends out
sharp pain
64
withdrawal reflex tells you what?
get sharp pain from a -delta | and tell you to get away from stimulus so withdrawals from stimulus
65
muscles cramps could come from
overworked - repetitive over contraction - inability for brain to catch up to cycle motor units properly

Neuroscience (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions