12 JUNE 2019

Question 1

what are the three layers of the somite?

Answer 1

scerolderma
myotome
dermatome

Question 2

what does the scerderm innervate?

Answer 2

bone

Question 3

what does the myotome innervate?

Answer 3

muscle

Question 4

what does the dermatome innervate?

Answer 4

skin

Question 5

difference between a spinal cord injury and peripheral neuropathy with sensation?

Answer 5

SCI: = nerve weakens but isn’t paralyzed

peripheral neuropathy = paralyzed

Question 6

spinal cord length at 3 fetals mons?

Answer 6

the same length

Question 7

spinal cord length at birth?

Answer 7

at L3

Question 8

spinal cord length at adulthood

Answer 8

at L1

Question 9

after the spinal cord ends what is there?

Answer 9

the cauda equina (horse hair)

Question 10

forebrain to the midbrain:

Answer 10

roastral

Question 11

horebrain to the midbrain:

Answer 11

caudal

Question 12

the mantle layer contains what?

Answer 12

GREY matter:

Question 13

the marginal layer contains what?

Answer 13

WHITE matter:

Question 14

a horn contains what?

Answer 14

GREY matter

Question 15

a column contains what?

Answer 15

WHITE matter

Question 16

normally where is white matter located in the sp. cord?

Answer 16

inside

Question 17

where is white matter located in the brain

Answer 17

outside

Question 18

where is the grey matter normally located?

Answer 18

outside

Question 19

where is grey matter located in the brain ?

Answer 19

inside

Question 20

so what are the names of the layers with the brain and where are they located?

Answer 20

mantle = grey = inside 
marginal = white = outside

Question 21

what cell provides the framework to build other neurons?

Answer 21

astrocytes

Question 22

what does astrocytes release?

Answer 22

glutamate (which affects APs)

CA (which affects signaling)

Question 23

slow motor neurons look like what? and go where?

Answer 23

they go to slow twitch fibers
small diameter
less myelin

Question 24

fast motor neurons look like what/ and go where?

Answer 24

they go to fast twitch fibers
BIG diameter
LOTS of myelin

Question 25

name the four different type of receptors

Answer 25

chemo-receptor noicocepter thermareceptor mechanoreceptor

Question 26

when does myelination start?

Answer 26

at four fetal months

Question 27

when does myelination end?

Answer 27

three years of age

Question 28

when does peripheral motor neurons begin to end to develop?

Answer 28

1 mon of age

Question 29

when do central motor neurons begin to end to develop?

Answer 29

two years of age

Question 30

what happens when you run into a bear?

Answer 30

eyes dilate | heart races

Question 31

what is the main job of the ANS?

Answer 31

homeostasis

Question 32

what are the seven things that the ANS can control?

Answer 32

``` circulation respiration digestion metabolism secretions body temperature reproduction ```

Question 33

afferent pathways work on what?

Answer 33

visceral and vascular receptors

Question 34

what does the central processing structures

Answer 34

emotion / limbic hypothalamus reticular formation spinal cord

Question 35

what doe the efferent pathways work with?

Answer 35

sympathetic parasympathetic hormonal

Question 36

sympathetic systems is the what system:

Answer 36

fight or flight

Question 37

what area does the sympathetic system control?

Answer 37

thoracolumbar outflow

Question 38

energy is ____ in the sympathetic system:

Answer 38

used

Question 39

tell me three things about the sympathetic system:

Answer 39

fight or flight thoracolumbar uses energy

Question 40

parasympathetic systems is the what system:

Answer 40

rest and digest (feed and breed)

Question 41

what area does the parasympathetic system control?

Answer 41

craniosacral

Question 42

energy is ______ in the parasympathetic system:

Answer 42

STORED

Question 43

tell me three things about the parasympathetic system:

Answer 43

rest adn digest craniosacral stores energy

Question 44

what are the four types of receptors?

Answer 44

mecanoreceptors chemorecptors nociceptors thermoreceptors

Question 45

what do mechanoreceptors feel?

Answer 45

pressure | stretch

Question 46

chemoreceptors feel what?

Answer 46

chemical reactions in teh enviornment

Question 47

why are mechanoreceptors important:

Answer 47

stretch affect in the sinus : tells heart to pump more or less blood

Question 48

why are chemoreceptors important ?

Answer 48

sample the chemicals in the blood to determine toxicity

Question 49

nociceptors feel what?

Answer 49

stretch ischemia chemicals

Question 50

why are are nociceptors important?

Answer 50

they tell us when we feel pain aka they tell us when there are EXTREMES in the body

Question 51

what do thermoreceptors feel?

Answer 51

hypothalamic and cutaneous temperatures

Question 52

why are thermoreceptors important?

Answer 52

they adjust cells temperature to keep the body cool or hot

Question 53

how many neural pathways are there in the efferent peripheral ANS system ?

Answer 53

4

Question 54

what are the four neural pathways?

Answer 54

modulatory control pre - ganglionic post-ganglionic

Question 55

the modulatory signals come from where?

Answer 55

hypothalamus limbic (emotion) thalamus

Question 56

the control signals come from where?

Answer 56

reticular form of the medulla and the pons

Question 57

where do the preganglionic signals come from?

Answer 57

the spinal cord and goes out to the periphery

Question 58

if the preganglionic signal comes from the sympathetic system where is from?

Answer 58

thoracolumbar: | T2 - L7

Question 59

if the preganglionic signal comes from the parasympathetic system where is it from?

Answer 59

craniosacral C1-C7 S2-S4

Question 60

the central regulation has four parts what are they?

Answer 60

1. the visceral control center 2. the somatic sensory 3. the sympathetic efferent signals 4. the efferent to the skeletal muscles