12 JUNE 2019 Flashcards
start of ch. 8
what are the three layers of the somite?
scerolderma
myotome
dermatome
what does the scerderm innervate?
bone
what does the myotome innervate?
muscle
what does the dermatome innervate?
skin
difference between a spinal cord injury and peripheral neuropathy with sensation?
SCI: = nerve weakens but isn’t paralyzed
peripheral neuropathy = paralyzed
spinal cord length at 3 fetals mons?
the same length
spinal cord length at birth?
at L3
spinal cord length at adulthood
at L1
after the spinal cord ends what is there?
the cauda equina (horse hair)
forebrain to the midbrain:
roastral
horebrain to the midbrain:
caudal
the mantle layer contains what?
GREY matter:
the marginal layer contains what?
WHITE matter:
a horn contains what?
GREY matter
a column contains what?
WHITE matter
normally where is white matter located in the sp. cord?
inside
where is white matter located in the brain
outside
where is the grey matter normally located?
outside
where is grey matter located in the brain ?
inside
so what are the names of the layers with the brain and where are they located?
mantle = grey = inside marginal = white = outside
what cell provides the framework to build other neurons?
astrocytes
what does astrocytes release?
glutamate (which affects APs)
CA (which affects signaling)
slow motor neurons look like what? and go where?
they go to slow twitch fibers
small diameter
less myelin
fast motor neurons look like what/ and go where?
they go to fast twitch fibers
BIG diameter
LOTS of myelin
name the four different type of receptors
chemo-receptor
noicocepter
thermareceptor
mechanoreceptor
when does myelination start?
at four fetal months
when does myelination end?
three years of age
when does peripheral motor neurons begin to end to develop?
1 mon of age
when do central motor neurons begin to end to develop?
two years of age
what happens when you run into a bear?
eyes dilate
heart races
what is the main job of the ANS?
homeostasis
what are the seven things that the ANS can control?
circulation respiration digestion metabolism secretions body temperature reproduction
afferent pathways work on what?
visceral and vascular receptors
what does the central processing structures
emotion / limbic
hypothalamus
reticular formation
spinal cord
what doe the efferent pathways work with?
sympathetic
parasympathetic
hormonal
sympathetic systems is the what system:
fight or flight
what area does the sympathetic system control?
thoracolumbar outflow
energy is ____ in the sympathetic system:
used
tell me three things about the sympathetic system:
fight or flight
thoracolumbar
uses energy
parasympathetic systems is the what system:
rest and digest (feed and breed)
what area does the parasympathetic system control?
craniosacral
energy is ______ in the parasympathetic system:
STORED
tell me three things about the parasympathetic system:
rest adn digest
craniosacral
stores energy
what are the four types of receptors?
mecanoreceptors
chemorecptors
nociceptors
thermoreceptors
what do mechanoreceptors feel?
pressure
stretch
chemoreceptors feel what?
chemical reactions in teh enviornment
why are mechanoreceptors important:
stretch affect in the sinus : tells heart to pump more or less blood
why are chemoreceptors important ?
sample the chemicals in the blood to determine toxicity
nociceptors feel what?
stretch
ischemia
chemicals
why are are nociceptors important?
they tell us when we feel pain aka they tell us when there are EXTREMES in the body
what do thermoreceptors feel?
hypothalamic and cutaneous temperatures
why are thermoreceptors important?
they adjust cells temperature to keep the body cool or hot
how many neural pathways are there in the efferent peripheral ANS system ?
4
what are the four neural pathways?
modulatory
control
pre - ganglionic
post-ganglionic
the modulatory signals come from where?
hypothalamus
limbic (emotion)
thalamus
the control signals come from where?
reticular form of the medulla and the pons
where do the preganglionic signals come from?
the spinal cord and goes out to the periphery
if the preganglionic signal comes from the sympathetic system where is from?
thoracolumbar:
T2 - L7
if the preganglionic signal comes from the parasympathetic system where is it from?
craniosacral
C1-C7
S2-S4
the central regulation has four parts what are they?
- the visceral control center
- the somatic sensory
- the sympathetic efferent signals
- the efferent to the skeletal muscles
