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Neuroscience > 12 JUNE 2019 > Flashcards

12 JUNE 2019 Flashcards

start of ch. 8

1
Q

what are the three layers of the somite?

A

scerolderma
myotome
dermatome

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2
Q

what does the scerderm innervate?

A

bone

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3
Q

what does the myotome innervate?

A

muscle

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4
Q

what does the dermatome innervate?

A

skin

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5
Q

difference between a spinal cord injury and peripheral neuropathy with sensation?

A

SCI: = nerve weakens but isn’t paralyzed

peripheral neuropathy = paralyzed

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6
Q

spinal cord length at 3 fetals mons?

A

the same length

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7
Q

spinal cord length at birth?

A

at L3

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8
Q

spinal cord length at adulthood

A

at L1

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9
Q

after the spinal cord ends what is there?

A

the cauda equina (horse hair)

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10
Q

forebrain to the midbrain:

A

roastral

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11
Q

horebrain to the midbrain:

A

caudal

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12
Q

the mantle layer contains what?

A

GREY matter:

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13
Q

the marginal layer contains what?

A

WHITE matter:

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14
Q

a horn contains what?

A

GREY matter

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15
Q

a column contains what?

A

WHITE matter

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16
Q

normally where is white matter located in the sp. cord?

A

inside

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17
Q

where is white matter located in the brain

A

outside

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18
Q

where is the grey matter normally located?

A

outside

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19
Q

where is grey matter located in the brain ?

A

inside

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20
Q

so what are the names of the layers with the brain and where are they located?

A 
mantle = grey = inside 
marginal = white = outside
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21
Q

what cell provides the framework to build other neurons?

A

astrocytes

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22
Q

what does astrocytes release?

A

glutamate (which affects APs)

CA (which affects signaling)

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23
Q

slow motor neurons look like what? and go where?

A

they go to slow twitch fibers
small diameter
less myelin

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24
Q

fast motor neurons look like what/ and go where?

A

they go to fast twitch fibers
BIG diameter
LOTS of myelin

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25
Q

name the four different type of receptors

A

chemo-receptor
noicocepter
thermareceptor
mechanoreceptor

26
Q

when does myelination start?

A

at four fetal months

27
Q

when does myelination end?

A

three years of age

28
Q

when does peripheral motor neurons begin to end to develop?

A

1 mon of age

29
Q

when do central motor neurons begin to end to develop?

A

two years of age

30
Q

what happens when you run into a bear?

A

eyes dilate

heart races

31
Q

what is the main job of the ANS?

A

homeostasis

32
Q

what are the seven things that the ANS can control?

A 
circulation 
respiration 
digestion 
metabolism 
secretions 
body temperature 
reproduction
33
Q

afferent pathways work on what?

A

visceral and vascular receptors

34
Q

what does the central processing structures

A

emotion / limbic
hypothalamus
reticular formation
spinal cord

35
Q

what doe the efferent pathways work with?

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
hormonal

36
Q

sympathetic systems is the what system:

A

fight or flight

37
Q

what area does the sympathetic system control?

A

thoracolumbar outflow

38
Q

energy is ____ in the sympathetic system:

A

used

39
Q

tell me three things about the sympathetic system:

A

fight or flight
thoracolumbar
uses energy

40
Q

parasympathetic systems is the what system:

A

rest and digest (feed and breed)

41
Q

what area does the parasympathetic system control?

A

craniosacral

42
Q

energy is ______ in the parasympathetic system:

A

STORED

43
Q

tell me three things about the parasympathetic system:

A

rest adn digest
craniosacral
stores energy

44
Q

what are the four types of receptors?

A

mecanoreceptors
chemorecptors
nociceptors
thermoreceptors

45
Q

what do mechanoreceptors feel?

A

pressure

stretch

46
Q

chemoreceptors feel what?

A

chemical reactions in teh enviornment

47
Q

why are mechanoreceptors important:

A

stretch affect in the sinus : tells heart to pump more or less blood

48
Q

why are chemoreceptors important ?

A

sample the chemicals in the blood to determine toxicity

49
Q

nociceptors feel what?

A

stretch
ischemia
chemicals

50
Q

why are are nociceptors important?

A

they tell us when we feel pain aka they tell us when there are EXTREMES in the body

51
Q

what do thermoreceptors feel?

A

hypothalamic and cutaneous temperatures

52
Q

why are thermoreceptors important?

A

they adjust cells temperature to keep the body cool or hot

53
Q

how many neural pathways are there in the efferent peripheral ANS system ?

A

4

54
Q

what are the four neural pathways?

A

modulatory
control
pre - ganglionic
post-ganglionic

55
Q

the modulatory signals come from where?

A

hypothalamus
limbic (emotion)
thalamus

56
Q

the control signals come from where?

A

reticular form of the medulla and the pons

57
Q

where do the preganglionic signals come from?

A

the spinal cord and goes out to the periphery

58
Q

if the preganglionic signal comes from the sympathetic system where is from?

A

thoracolumbar:

T2 - L7

59
Q

if the preganglionic signal comes from the parasympathetic system where is it from?

A

craniosacral
C1-C7
S2-S4

60
Q

the central regulation has four parts what are they?

A
  1. the visceral control center
  2. the somatic sensory
  3. the sympathetic efferent signals
  4. the efferent to the skeletal muscles

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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