04 JUNE 2019

Question 1

circle of willis (fx)

Answer 1

connects all of the cerebral arteries in the brain
connects left to right - front to back
nine arteries connecting post. to the internal carotids
to get COLLATERAL CIRCULATION

Question 2

the anterior cerebrallar A gives blood to where?

Answer 2

longitudinal fissure and some middle cortex

Question 3

the middle cerebrallar A gives blood to where?

Answer 3

DEEP in the brain - temporal and parietal lobes

- then heads lateral

Question 4

the internal cartoid feeds into what arteries?

Answer 4

ant and mid cerebellar A

Question 5

the posterior communicating A connects

Answer 5

the internal cartoid A to the post cerebrallar A

Question 6

how many choirodal A are there?

Answer 6

two

Question 7

where does the choirodal A extend off

Answer 7

1 - post cerebellar A

2 - middle cerebellar A

Question 8

what does the choirodal A give to :

Answer 8

1 - thalamus
2 - basal ganglia
3 - leaky capillaries to ventricles for CSF

Question 9

what does the striate A supply?

Answer 9

basil ganglia

Question 10

how many dural sinuses are there?

Answer 10

3

Question 11

a dural sinus is what?

Answer 11

a pocket in the dura

Question 12

where is the superior saggittal sinus

Answer 12

along the longitudinal fissure

Question 13

where is the inferior sagittal sinus?

Answer 13

the floor of the longitudinal fissure

• when the inner layer of dura doubles back down on itself

Question 14

where is the transverse sinus?

Answer 14

starts at the center back

Question 15

how many transverse sinus are there?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

list all three dural sinuses

Answer 16

superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
transverse sinus

Question 17

fx of the transverse sinus?

Answer 17

dumps blood into the jugular vein

Question 18

what are the two main cells:

Answer 18

1- nerve cells

2- glial cells: support cells

Question 19

nerve connections are _______ which means that they can ________-

Answer 19

plastic which means they can weaken or strengthen

Question 20

list the four components of the neuron:

Answer 20

1- soma
2- dendrite
3- axon
4 -axon hillock

Question 21

soma fx

Answer 21

cell body where the nuclei and all the working parts are

Question 22

dendrite fx

Answer 22

receives messages

Question 23

axon fx

Answer 23

pushes messages and sends them out to other neurons

Question 24

axon hillox fx

Answer 24

the most proximal part of the nerve where the electrical signal is created then goes down

Question 25

do neurons touch each other?

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

so what is between each neuron?

Answer 26

synaptic cleft

Question 27

list the three structure of what is between a neuron

Answer 27

1 - presynaptic terminal 2 - synaptic cleft 3 - post synaptic membrane

Question 28

what do messages do to get to another neuron

Answer 28

DIFFUSE

Question 29

what four things do neurons do?

Answer 29

1 - receive 2 - intergrate 3 - transmit 4 - transfer

Question 30

how many fx does a neuron have?

Answer 30

4

Question 31

anterograde

Answer 31

forward direction in usual direction - sends the message down the axon to get transmitted back - sends down the ski lift

Question 32

retrograde

Answer 32

backward reverse direction | - sends the empty chair lift back to the soma

Question 33

how many types of neurons are there?

Answer 33

4

Question 34

list the four types of neurons:

Answer 34

1 - bipolar 2- pseudounipolar 3 - multipolar 4 - interneuron

Question 35

what is a bipolar neuron?

Answer 35

1 dendrtic trunk | 1 axonic trunk

Question 36

where are bipolar neurons found?

Answer 36

only in some places like retina of the eye | not very common

Question 37

what is a pseudounipolar neuron

Answer 37

1 branch that seems like there is two but only 1 - two parts that act like dendrites and axons - 1 peripheral branch - 1 central branch

Question 38

where are pseudounipolor neurons found?

Answer 38

really only in one part of the brain : sensosomatotic fxs

Question 39

what is a multipolar neuron?

Answer 39

many muliptle big dendrites branches | one axonic trunk

Question 40

where are mulipolar neurons found?

Answer 40

all over | most common neuron in the body

Question 41

what is an interneuron

Answer 41

4 / mulitple dendritic trunks 1 axon trunk (so looks like a multipolar neuron) but SMALL

Question 42

where are interneurons found?

Answer 42

inbetween an axon and dendrite of two different neurons

Question 43

fx of interneuron:

Answer 43

to deliver and can modify messages

Question 44

what are the four types of membrane

Answer 44

1 - leak (non-gated) channels 2 - voltage gated 3 - modality gated 4 - ligand-gated

Question 45

what is a leak (non-gated) channel

Answer 45

it is free open all the time things just flow in and out - its got its legs WIDE open (whore) molecules "leak" through

Question 46

what is a voltage -gated channel

Answer 46

molecules can only pass through with a voltage change - naturally the inside is neg and the outside pos - so that needs to change change in the charge of the ion or membrane

Question 47

what is a ligand gated channel

Answer 47

the channel only opens if a ligand = protien = neurotransmitter opens the door

Question 48

what is a modality gated channel

Answer 48

the channel opens up with a modality of mechanical property (like heat)

Question 49

polarized means

Answer 49

to be different

Question 50

what are the 3 electrical properties: (potentials)

Answer 50

1. resting 2. local 3. action

Question 51

what is a resting potential?

Answer 51

when there is a difference in potentials inside is negative outside is postive - what naturally every cell has

Question 52

what two things do sinuses have?

Answer 52

blood AND CSF

Question 53

what does the falx cerebri do?

Answer 53

draws the ventricles (water balloon) down to protect the two hemispheres