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Neuroscience > 10 JULY 2019 > Flashcards

10 JULY 2019 Flashcards

end of ch. 17 onto ch. 18

1
Q

tropic changes are classified by

A

how many neurons are affected

how severe the damage is

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2
Q

list the three types of size levels of tropic changes:

A

mononeuropathy
multi mononeuropathy
polyneuropathy

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3
Q

mononeuropathy def + ie:

A

when a single neuron is affected

- unilateral carpel tunnel

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4
Q

multiple mononeuropathy def + ie:

A

when mutiple single neurons are affected

- bilateral carpel tunnel

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5
Q

polyneuropathy def + ie:

A

when mutiple neurons are affected

- stocking and gloving affect

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6
Q

name the three types of severe levels with tropic changes

A
  1. traumatic myelinopathy
  2. traumatic axonpathy
  3. severence
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7
Q

traumatic myelinopathy def + ie:

A

when all the axons w/n a nerve get ischemic = fall asleep

- foot falling asleep in class

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8
Q

what appears if myelin degenerates in an axon:

A

modality and ligand gated channels

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9
Q

if axons fail to conduct what might happen?

A

the myelin may degenerate

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10
Q

traumatic axonpathy:

A

the axon dies: wallerian degeneration

-

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11
Q

which is worse the myelin dying or the axon dying?

A

the axon

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12
Q

severence def:

A

when the axon and the tube is cut

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13
Q

prognosis of traumatic axonpathy:

A 
good 
axon may reconnect 
1. rightly 
2. wrongly 
3. not at all
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14
Q

prognosis of severance

A

may come back typically nerves grow back 1” per month

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15
Q

list three other toxic, metabolic, autonimmune heredity dx :

A

GB
idopathic
charot - marie tooth dx

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16
Q

GB pt typically report this symptoms:

A

the stocking / gloving feeling

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17
Q

the def of the glove syndrome:

A

symmetric involvment of sensory motor and autonomic fx

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18
Q

MG vs Botulism:

A

MG: degerenation of Ach receptors on postsynaptic membrane
botulism: impairment of Ach in presynaptic

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19
Q

MG:

A

degernation of Ach on postsynaptic memebrane

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20
Q

botulism and thereaputic fx:

A

imparied Ach release at presynaptic

- use it to block overactive Mm

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21
Q

tell me three things about the spinal cord:

A
  1. foramen magnum goes to L1-L2
  2. the cauda equina is at the end
  3. the cervical / lumbar areas are enlarged
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22
Q

which areas on the sp. cord are biggest?

A

the cervical and lumbar areas

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23
Q

why are the cervical and lumbar regions bigger:

A

feed into arms and legs

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24
Q

what is a bad thing that can happen because the cervical and lumbar region are bigger?

A

they are predisposed to traumatic injury because they are so swollen

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25
Q

what are two different types of damage that can happen in the sp. cord:

A

bony damage

neuron damage

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26
Q

tell me something special about the medial group?

A

it does not enter into the dorsal horn

connects start up to the column goes in adn out

27
Q

a medial group that doesn’t connect in the sp. cord includes:

A

the dorsal column/ med lemniscus

because connects in dorsal column not the dorsal horn

28
Q

the group that DOES connect in dorsal horn is

A

the pain / temperature pathway which is spinothalamic

29
Q

list four things to not harm neuron grow?

A
  1. edema protection
  2. prevent injury
  3. maintain ROM
  4. ensure tissue health
30
Q

a phasic stretch doesn’t go where?

A

the brain.

it stops in the sp. cord and comes right back out

31
Q

what fiber initates the withdrawal reflex?

A

a -delta

32
Q

a deep tendon pressure activates what?

A

the Golgi tendon organs

33
Q

where does input from a deep tendon pressure come from: location wise

A

activation from below

inhibition from above

34
Q

deep tendon pressure overall is

A

inhibitory : trying to release muscle

35
Q

a quick stretch is overall for

A

facilitation

36
Q

location of input from quick stretch

A

facilitation from brain and down (you doing the stretch)

37
Q

tell me a def of coordination and then three things about it

A

so one alpha MN gets convergence of info comes from :

  1. Ia, Ib, II
  2. interneuons
  3. descending motor tracts
38
Q

two fx of the spinal cord:

A
  1. transmits info in columns

2. processes info at synapses

39
Q

what two informational things can be processed at the synapse:

A
  1. pain reduction in dorsal horn

2. activating LMN and UMN in the ventral horn

40
Q

def of a spinal segment:

A

all the axons that are associated with one spinal nerve

41
Q

can a pt lose touch and still feel pain?

A

yes and vice versa

42
Q

if you need to pull CSF from somewhere where would you pull it?

A

INSIDE

mostly in subarachnoid place

43
Q

three layers of meniges are?

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

44
Q

important to know that menignes

A

travel down the sp cord all the way down to cauda equina

45
Q

inside the cauda equina is

A

epidural space

46
Q

the def of the cauda equina

A

is ventral and dorsal nerve traveling down and getting ready to leave / exit the spinal cord

horses hair

47
Q

four responses for the bladder:

A

parasympathic
sympathtic
somatic
stretch of wall

48
Q

parasympathetic does what to bladder?

A

contracts to empty it

49
Q

sympathetic does what to the bladder?

A

relaxes it to not empty

50
Q

parasympathetic vs. sympathetic for the bladder?

A 
para = CONTRACT 
sympathetic = DONT
51
Q

list the two different sp cord centers?

A

efferent
- preganglionic SNS and PNS
afferent
- bladder wall

52
Q

where are afferent receptors for the bladder

A

on the bladder wall

53
Q

where are efferent receptors for the bladder?

A

synapses of the prganglion SNS and PNS

54
Q

the frontal center has what?

A

the modulatory center: give signal to go

55
Q

the pontine center has what?

A

the control center: helps turn on or off emptying

56
Q

touch and proproception goes all the way to the

A

cauda medulla

57
Q

where does the touch and proprioception cross

A

the cauda medulla

58
Q

the affects of dx touch and proprioception happen

A

ipslaterally

59
Q

pain and temp path cross where?

A

the spinal cord

60
Q

pain and temp dx affects happen how?

A

contralaterally

61
Q

voluntary movement crosses where?

A

the cauda medulla

62
Q

voluntary movement dx affects happen how?

A

contralaterally

- because already crossed

63
Q

do the crosses location and damage apperance of all three pathways:

A 
touch / proprioception: 
- cauda medulla 
- ipslaterally 
pain and temp
- sp. cord 
- contralaterally 
volutnary movement 
- cauda medulla 
- contralaterally

Neuroscience (29 decks)

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