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Neuroscience > 10 JULY 2019 > Flashcards

10 JULY 2019 Flashcards

end of ch. 17 onto ch. 18

1
Q

tropic changes are classified by

A

how many neurons are affected

how severe the damage is

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2
Q

list the three types of size levels of tropic changes:

A

mononeuropathy
multi mononeuropathy
polyneuropathy

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3
Q

mononeuropathy def + ie:

A

when a single neuron is affected

- unilateral carpel tunnel

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4
Q

multiple mononeuropathy def + ie:

A

when mutiple single neurons are affected

- bilateral carpel tunnel

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5
Q

polyneuropathy def + ie:

A

when mutiple neurons are affected

- stocking and gloving affect

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6
Q

name the three types of severe levels with tropic changes

A
  1. traumatic myelinopathy
  2. traumatic axonpathy
  3. severence
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7
Q

traumatic myelinopathy def + ie:

A

when all the axons w/n a nerve get ischemic = fall asleep

- foot falling asleep in class

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8
Q

what appears if myelin degenerates in an axon:

A

modality and ligand gated channels

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9
Q

if axons fail to conduct what might happen?

A

the myelin may degenerate

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10
Q

traumatic axonpathy:

A

the axon dies: wallerian degeneration

-

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11
Q

which is worse the myelin dying or the axon dying?

A

the axon

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12
Q

severence def:

A

when the axon and the tube is cut

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13
Q

prognosis of traumatic axonpathy:

A 
good 
axon may reconnect 
1. rightly 
2. wrongly 
3. not at all
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14
Q

prognosis of severance

A

may come back typically nerves grow back 1” per month

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15
Q

list three other toxic, metabolic, autonimmune heredity dx :

A

GB
idopathic
charot - marie tooth dx

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16
Q

GB pt typically report this symptoms:

A

the stocking / gloving feeling

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17
Q

the def of the glove syndrome:

A

symmetric involvment of sensory motor and autonomic fx

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18
Q

MG vs Botulism:

A

MG: degerenation of Ach receptors on postsynaptic membrane
botulism: impairment of Ach in presynaptic

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19
Q

MG:

A

degernation of Ach on postsynaptic memebrane

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20
Q

botulism and thereaputic fx:

A

imparied Ach release at presynaptic

- use it to block overactive Mm

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21
Q

tell me three things about the spinal cord:

A
  1. foramen magnum goes to L1-L2
  2. the cauda equina is at the end
  3. the cervical / lumbar areas are enlarged
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22
Q

which areas on the sp. cord are biggest?

A

the cervical and lumbar areas

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23
Q

why are the cervical and lumbar regions bigger:

A

feed into arms and legs

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24
Q

what is a bad thing that can happen because the cervical and lumbar region are bigger?

A

they are predisposed to traumatic injury because they are so swollen

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25
what are two different types of damage that can happen in the sp. cord:
bony damage | neuron damage
26
tell me something special about the medial group?
it does not enter into the dorsal horn | connects start up to the column goes in adn out
27
a medial group that doesn't connect in the sp. cord includes:
the dorsal column/ med lemniscus | because connects in dorsal column not the dorsal horn
28
the group that DOES connect in dorsal horn is
the pain / temperature pathway which is spinothalamic
29
list four things to not harm neuron grow?
1. edema protection 2. prevent injury 3. maintain ROM 4. ensure tissue health
30
a phasic stretch doesn't go where?
the brain. it stops in the sp. cord and comes right back out
31
what fiber initates the withdrawal reflex?
a -delta
32
a deep tendon pressure activates what?
the Golgi tendon organs
33
where does input from a deep tendon pressure come from: location wise
activation from below | inhibition from above
34
deep tendon pressure overall is
inhibitory : trying to release muscle
35
a quick stretch is overall for
facilitation
36
location of input from quick stretch
facilitation from brain and down (you doing the stretch)
37
tell me a def of coordination and then three things about it
so one alpha MN gets convergence of info comes from : 1. Ia, Ib, II 2. interneuons 3. descending motor tracts
38
two fx of the spinal cord:
1. transmits info in columns | 2. processes info at synapses
39
what two informational things can be processed at the synapse:
1. pain reduction in dorsal horn | 2. activating LMN and UMN in the ventral horn
40
def of a spinal segment:
all the axons that are associated with one spinal nerve
41
can a pt lose touch and still feel pain?
yes and vice versa
42
if you need to pull CSF from somewhere where would you pull it?
INSIDE | mostly in subarachnoid place
43
three layers of meniges are?
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
44
important to know that menignes
travel down the sp cord all the way down to cauda equina
45
inside the cauda equina is
epidural space
46
the def of the cauda equina
is ventral and dorsal nerve traveling down and getting ready to leave / exit the spinal cord horses hair
47
four responses for the bladder:
parasympathic sympathtic somatic stretch of wall
48
parasympathetic does what to bladder?
contracts to empty it
49
sympathetic does what to the bladder?
relaxes it to not empty
50
parasympathetic vs. sympathetic for the bladder?
``` para = CONTRACT sympathetic = DONT ```
51
list the two different sp cord centers?
efferent - preganglionic SNS and PNS afferent - bladder wall
52
where are afferent receptors for the bladder
on the bladder wall
53
where are efferent receptors for the bladder?
synapses of the prganglion SNS and PNS
54
the frontal center has what?
the modulatory center: give signal to go
55
the pontine center has what?
the control center: helps turn on or off emptying
56
touch and proproception goes all the way to the
cauda medulla
57
where does the touch and proprioception cross
the cauda medulla
58
the affects of dx touch and proprioception happen
ipslaterally
59
pain and temp path cross where?
the spinal cord
60
pain and temp dx affects happen how?
contralaterally
61
voluntary movement crosses where?
the cauda medulla
62
voluntary movement dx affects happen how?
contralaterally | - because already crossed
63
do the crosses location and damage apperance of all three pathways:
``` touch / proprioception: - cauda medulla - ipslaterally pain and temp - sp. cord - contralaterally volutnary movement - cauda medulla - contralaterally ```

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