10 JULY 2019 Flashcards
end of ch. 17 onto ch. 18
tropic changes are classified by
how many neurons are affected
how severe the damage is
list the three types of size levels of tropic changes:
mononeuropathy
multi mononeuropathy
polyneuropathy
mononeuropathy def + ie:
when a single neuron is affected
- unilateral carpel tunnel
multiple mononeuropathy def + ie:
when mutiple single neurons are affected
- bilateral carpel tunnel
polyneuropathy def + ie:
when mutiple neurons are affected
- stocking and gloving affect
name the three types of severe levels with tropic changes
- traumatic myelinopathy
- traumatic axonpathy
- severence
traumatic myelinopathy def + ie:
when all the axons w/n a nerve get ischemic = fall asleep
- foot falling asleep in class
what appears if myelin degenerates in an axon:
modality and ligand gated channels
if axons fail to conduct what might happen?
the myelin may degenerate
traumatic axonpathy:
the axon dies: wallerian degeneration
-
which is worse the myelin dying or the axon dying?
the axon
severence def:
when the axon and the tube is cut
prognosis of traumatic axonpathy:
good axon may reconnect 1. rightly 2. wrongly 3. not at all
prognosis of severance
may come back typically nerves grow back 1” per month
list three other toxic, metabolic, autonimmune heredity dx :
GB
idopathic
charot - marie tooth dx
GB pt typically report this symptoms:
the stocking / gloving feeling
the def of the glove syndrome:
symmetric involvment of sensory motor and autonomic fx
MG vs Botulism:
MG: degerenation of Ach receptors on postsynaptic membrane
botulism: impairment of Ach in presynaptic
MG:
degernation of Ach on postsynaptic memebrane
botulism and thereaputic fx:
imparied Ach release at presynaptic
- use it to block overactive Mm
tell me three things about the spinal cord:
- foramen magnum goes to L1-L2
- the cauda equina is at the end
- the cervical / lumbar areas are enlarged
which areas on the sp. cord are biggest?
the cervical and lumbar areas
why are the cervical and lumbar regions bigger:
feed into arms and legs
what is a bad thing that can happen because the cervical and lumbar region are bigger?
they are predisposed to traumatic injury because they are so swollen
what are two different types of damage that can happen in the sp. cord:
bony damage
neuron damage
tell me something special about the medial group?
it does not enter into the dorsal horn
connects start up to the column goes in adn out
a medial group that doesn’t connect in the sp. cord includes:
the dorsal column/ med lemniscus
because connects in dorsal column not the dorsal horn
the group that DOES connect in dorsal horn is
the pain / temperature pathway which is spinothalamic
list four things to not harm neuron grow?
- edema protection
- prevent injury
- maintain ROM
- ensure tissue health
a phasic stretch doesn’t go where?
the brain.
it stops in the sp. cord and comes right back out
what fiber initates the withdrawal reflex?
a -delta
a deep tendon pressure activates what?
the Golgi tendon organs
where does input from a deep tendon pressure come from: location wise
activation from below
inhibition from above
deep tendon pressure overall is
inhibitory : trying to release muscle
a quick stretch is overall for
facilitation
location of input from quick stretch
facilitation from brain and down (you doing the stretch)
tell me a def of coordination and then three things about it
so one alpha MN gets convergence of info comes from :
- Ia, Ib, II
- interneuons
- descending motor tracts
two fx of the spinal cord:
- transmits info in columns
2. processes info at synapses
what two informational things can be processed at the synapse:
- pain reduction in dorsal horn
2. activating LMN and UMN in the ventral horn
def of a spinal segment:
all the axons that are associated with one spinal nerve
can a pt lose touch and still feel pain?
yes and vice versa
if you need to pull CSF from somewhere where would you pull it?
INSIDE
mostly in subarachnoid place
three layers of meniges are?
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
important to know that menignes
travel down the sp cord all the way down to cauda equina
inside the cauda equina is
epidural space
the def of the cauda equina
is ventral and dorsal nerve traveling down and getting ready to leave / exit the spinal cord
horses hair
four responses for the bladder:
parasympathic
sympathtic
somatic
stretch of wall
parasympathetic does what to bladder?
contracts to empty it
sympathetic does what to the bladder?
relaxes it to not empty
parasympathetic vs. sympathetic for the bladder?
para = CONTRACT sympathetic = DONT
list the two different sp cord centers?
efferent
- preganglionic SNS and PNS
afferent
- bladder wall
where are afferent receptors for the bladder
on the bladder wall
where are efferent receptors for the bladder?
synapses of the prganglion SNS and PNS
the frontal center has what?
the modulatory center: give signal to go
the pontine center has what?
the control center: helps turn on or off emptying
touch and proproception goes all the way to the
cauda medulla
where does the touch and proprioception cross
the cauda medulla
the affects of dx touch and proprioception happen
ipslaterally
pain and temp path cross where?
the spinal cord
pain and temp dx affects happen how?
contralaterally
voluntary movement crosses where?
the cauda medulla
voluntary movement dx affects happen how?
contralaterally
- because already crossed
do the crosses location and damage apperance of all three pathways:
touch / proprioception: - cauda medulla - ipslaterally pain and temp - sp. cord - contralaterally volutnary movement - cauda medulla - contralaterally
